@article {pmid40449850,
year = {2025},
author = {Dubois, C and Chesnel, C and Teng, M and Vivier, M and Noël, C and Amarenco, G and Hentzen, C},
title = {Effect on sensory and motor parameters of a first intradetrusor botulinum neurotoxin A injection in patients with neurogenic bladder: A retrospective study.},
journal = {The French journal of urology},
volume = {35},
number = {8},
pages = {102914},
doi = {10.1016/j.fjurol.2025.102914},
pmid = {40449850},
issn = {2950-3930},
mesh = {Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; *Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/drug therapy/physiopathology/etiology ; Adult ; *Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage ; *Urinary Bladder, Overactive/drug therapy/etiology/physiopathology ; Urodynamics/drug effects ; Aged ; Urinary Bladder/drug effects/innervation/physiopathology ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Administration, Intravesical ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Overactive bladder (OAB) is common in suprasacral neurological disorders and often associated with detrusor overactivity (DO). Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) is a second-line treatment inducing reversible chemical denervation. While its motor effects are well documented, its impact on sensory parameters in neurogenic bladder dysfunction remains poorly understood.

AIM: To evaluate sensory and motor bladder changes following BoNT-A injection in neurogenic DO (NDO).

METHOD: This retrospective single-center study included patients with NDO who received a first BoNT-A injection (from 2015 to 2024). Urodynamic assessments were performed pre- and 2-6months post-injection. Changes in OAB symptoms and urodynamic parameters were analyzed, including sensory (first desire to void [FDV], strong desire to void [SDV]), and motor parameters (DO occurrence, volume at first involuntary detrusor contraction (IDC)).

RESULTS: Among 90 patients (mean age 50.4±15.6years, 61% female, 53 with multiple sclerosis, 35 with spinal cord injury), urgency and urgency urinary incontinence significantly decreased (from 84% to 52% and from 80% to 42%, respectively; P<0.001). DO occurrence declined from 97% to 42% (P<0.001). Bladder sensations (FDV and SDV) persisted in 84% of patients but were significantly delayed.

CONCLUSION: BoNT-A is an effective treatment for neurogenic overactive bladder in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury, improving both urgency and urinary incontinence. Its clinical efficacy is associated with resolution of detrusor overactivity, alongside with sensory changes. Preserved but delayed filling sensations after treatment suggests that BoNT-A may modulate afferent signaling. However, whether its clinical benefits are primarily driven by sensory modulation or motor inhibition remains uncertain.},
}

Humans
Retrospective Studies
*Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Female
Male
Middle Aged
*Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/drug therapy/physiopathology/etiology
Adult
*Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage
*Urinary Bladder, Overactive/drug therapy/etiology/physiopathology
Urodynamics/drug effects
Aged
Urinary Bladder/drug effects/innervation/physiopathology
Injections, Intramuscular
Administration, Intravesical
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid40068648,
year = {2025},
author = {D'Iorio, A and D'Iorio, A and Aiello, EN and Vitale, C and Amboni, M and Verde, F and Silani, V and Ticozzi, N and Ciammola, A and Poletti, B and Santangelo, G},
title = {Diagnostics and Ecological Validity of the Italian Version of the Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale.},
journal = {Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders},
volume = {54},
number = {5},
pages = {347-351},
doi = {10.1159/000545090},
pmid = {40068648},
issn = {1421-9824},
mesh = {Humans ; *Parkinson Disease/psychology/diagnosis/complications ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Italy ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Neuropsychological Tests ; Mental Status and Dementia Tests ; ROC Curve ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Cognition ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the diagnostics and ecological validity of the Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Rating Scale (PD-CRS) within an Italian cohort of non-demented Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.

METHODS: N = 128 non-demented PD patients were administered the PD-CRS, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Parkinson's Disease Cognitive Functioning Rating Scale (PD-CFRS). Receiver-operating characteristic analyses were performed to explore the diagnostics of both raw and adjusted PD-CRS scores, by operationalizing the positive state as a below-cut-off MoCA score. Correlational analyses were run to test the ecological validity of the PD-CRS against the PD-CFRS.

RESULTS: Both raw and adjusted PD-CRS scores accurately identified patients with a defective MoCA scores (AUC = 0.84-0.85), yielding optimal diagnostics. A cut-off of <73.93, as identified on demographically adjusted PD-CRS scores, yielded the best diagnostics (sensitivity = 0.70; specificity = 0.89; positive and negative predictive values = 0.83 and 0.79; positive and negative likelihood ratios: 6.23 and 0.37: number needed for screening utility: 0.78). The PD-CRS was related to the PD-CFRS (rs = -0.24; p = 0.018).

CONCLUSIONS: The Italian PD-CRS is a diagnostically sound and ecologically valid screener for cognitive impairment in non-demented PD patients.},
}

Humans
*Parkinson Disease/psychology/diagnosis/complications
Male
Female
Aged
Italy
Middle Aged
Reproducibility of Results
*Neuropsychological Tests
Mental Status and Dementia Tests
ROC Curve
*Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis
Sensitivity and Specificity
Cognition

@article {pmid40705266,
year = {2025},
author = {Mukhtar, RA and Dimitroff, K and Yau, C and Chien, AJ and Connolly, EP and Howard-McNatt, M and Rao, R and Ladores, V and Golshan, M and Sauder, CA and Ahmed, K and Lancaster, R and Fox, J and Gutnik, L and Lee, MC and Tchou, J and Prionas, N and Arciero, CA and Reyna, C and Kuerer, H and Switalla, K and Taunk, N and Tuttle, TM and Moran, MS and Postlewait, LM and Perlmutter, J and DeMichele, A and Yee, D and Hylton, N and Symmans, WF and Rugo, HS and Shatsky, R and Isaacs, C and Esserman, LJ and Van't Veer, L and Boughey, JC},
title = {Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Surgical Outcomes and Conversion to Node-Negativity in Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer: Analysis of Molecularly High-Risk Tumors by Histologic Subtype on the I-SPY2 Clinical Trial.},
journal = {Annals of surgical oncology},
volume = {32},
number = {11},
pages = {8243-8253},
pmid = {40705266},
issn = {1534-4681},
support = {K08 CA256047/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; K08CA256047/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P01CA210961/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; K08CA256047/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; P01CA210961/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism/surgery/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy/pathology/genetics/metabolism/surgery ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Middle Aged ; *Mastectomy ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Follow-Up Studies ; Prognosis ; Aged ; Adult ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Lymph Node Excision ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; *Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) has lower response rates to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) than invasive ductal carcinoma. While ILC often has low-risk biology, there is a high-risk subset within this heterogeneous tumor type. We compared surgical treatment and response rates by histology in I-SPY2, a multicenter NAC trial.

METHODS: We evaluated 1329 patients with stage II-III breast cancer and high-risk 70-gene assay. Patients with classic, pleomorphic, or mixed lobular/ductal histology were included in the lobular cohort. We evaluated rates of mastectomy, positive margins, axillary dissection, and conversion from clinical node-positive (cN+) to pathologic node-negative (ypN-) status after NAC.

RESULTS: Overall, 124 patients (9.3%) had lobular histology, with 69% being hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-). There was no difference in mastectomy rate (57.2% for lobular vs. 55.8% for non-lobular). The ILC cohort had more positive margins after lumpectomy than the non-ILC cohort (21.2% vs. 7.9%; p = 0.023). Within cN0 cases, axillary dissection was significantly more common among the lobular cases (24.1% vs. 14.0%; p = 0.039). Conversion from cN+ to ypN0 did not differ statistically between lobular and non-lobular cases (40.9% vs. 51.2%; p = 0.11). The nodal conversion rate among cN+lobular tumors was 30.6% in HR+/HER2-, 72.7% in HER2+, and 66.7% in triple-negative cases.

CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the challenges of surgical management for ILC but hold promise that molecular classification can improve treatment selection. While high genomic risk is generally less common among ILC, our findings suggest that gene expression assays in cN+ILC patients can identify a subset who may benefit from NAC.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism/surgery/genetics
*Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy/pathology/genetics/metabolism/surgery
*Neoadjuvant Therapy
Middle Aged
*Mastectomy
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Follow-Up Studies
Prognosis
Aged
Adult
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Lymph Node Excision
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/drug therapy/metabolism
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Lymphatic Metastasis
*Lymph Nodes/pathology
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid40999310,
year = {2025},
author = {Fedko, VA and Artamonova, EV and Stroganova, AM and Mileyko, VA and Lisitsa, TS and Novikov, AK and Kovalenko, EI},
title = {Clinical and Morphological Features of gPALB2-Associated Breast Cancer in the Russian Population.},
journal = {Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine},
volume = {179},
number = {3},
pages = {355-358},
pmid = {40999310},
issn = {1573-8221},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Russia/epidemiology ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Adult ; Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics/metabolism ; Aged ; Mutation ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology/drug therapy ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; },
abstract = {The analysis included 3,800 cases of breast cancer. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes revealed mutations in the gPALB2 gene in 39 (1.03%) patients. The most frequent mutations were c.509_510del (25.64%), c.1592del (20.51%), and c.172_175del (10.26%). The predominant histological variant was invasive ductal carcinoma (84.62%) with moderate differentiation (G2) (48.72%). In most cases, luminal HER2[-] subtype (69.23%) was revealed, HER2[+] and triple-negative were less frequent (12.82 and 17.95%, respectively). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 9 patients; a clinical response observed in 100% of cases. RCB-0 (pCR) was noted in 33.3%; RCB-I in 11.1%, RCB-II in 44.4%, and RCB-III in 11.1% of observations. All recorded cases of contralateral breast cancer (10.26%) were metachronous and presented as estrogen receptor-positive HER2[-] tumors.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
Russia/epidemiology
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/drug therapy/epidemiology
Adult
Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics/metabolism
Aged
Mutation
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism/genetics
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology/drug therapy
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Neoadjuvant Therapy

@article {pmid41035082,
year = {2025},
author = {Sarmadi, A and Javanmard, SH and Zeinalian, M and Hosseinzadeh, M and Tabatabaiefar, MA},
title = {Mono-allelic MUTYH mutation as the likely inherited etiology of hereditary breast cancer in a patient from a multi-cancer family- report of a family and literature review.},
journal = {BMC medical genomics},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {146},
pmid = {41035082},
issn = {1755-8794},
mesh = {Humans ; *DNA Glycosylases/genetics ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; Pedigree ; *Alleles ; *Mutation ; Middle Aged ; *Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Adult ; Exome Sequencing ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer globally. Carriers of pathogenic variants in high- or moderate-penetrance genes, have an increased risk of developing hereditary BC (HBC). While, MUTYH is known to be associated with hereditary colonic polyposis and colorectal carcinoma, its role in BC is controversial. This study investigated the genetic cause of HBC in an Iranian family with a history of multiple cancer cases.

METHODS: Clinical examination and exome sequencing (ES) was performed in a patient suffering from invasive ductal carcinoma from a family with several cases of different types of cancer. The pathogenicity of detected variants was done based on American Collage of Medical Genetics (ACMG) and Sanger sequencing was carried out for its validation. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive review of the literature.

RESULTS: Here, a pathogenic variant (p. A287Pfs*32) was identified in the MUTYH gene in mono-allelic status in four BC patients. However, this variant was previously reported as the cause of MutYH-associated polyposis (MAP) in homozygous status. The review of literature showed that the frequency of MUTYH mutation in BC patients population is in a range of 0.3-5.6%.

CONCLUSION: In this study, a heterozygous pathogenic variant in the MUTYH gene was identified as the possible cause of BC in a multi-cancer family using ES. While the potential association between mono-allelic MUTYH mutations and an elevated risk of BC remains controversial, these findings highlight the necessity for a careful interpretation when assessing the role of MUTYH mutations in BC risk.},
}

Humans
*DNA Glycosylases/genetics
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
Pedigree
*Alleles
*Mutation
Middle Aged
*Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Adult
Exome Sequencing

@article {pmid41026283,
year = {2025},
author = {Hawkins, KN and Dillard, J and Ye, Y and Wang, J and Hoffman, RM and Mcphail, K and Barsky, SH},
title = {Natural and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition results in epigenetic silencing of HER2 overexpression.},
journal = {Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {15},
pmid = {41026283},
issn = {1573-7039},
support = {BC990959, BC024258, BC053405//Department of Defense Breast Cancer Research Program Grants/ ; U54CA163069//Pathology Shared Resource Core, supported by NIH/ ; },
mesh = {*Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics ; Humans ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics/metabolism ; Female ; *Epigenesis, Genetic ; *Gene Silencing ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Animals ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; },
abstract = {Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well-known phenomenon that has been implicated in diverse biological processes ranging from embryonal development to cancer invasion and metastasis. In epithelial-derived cancers which both invade and metastasize as epithelial clumps or clusters, EMT would have to be followed by MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition) since both the initial cancer and the metastasis appear epithelial in nature. There is a rare subset of breast carcinomas, however, that exhibit biphasic epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation, so-called metaplastic carcinomas. Our initial studies were designed to examine whether EMT was indeed occurring in this unique subset of metaplastic breast carcinomas. Based on both RT-PCR and immunocytochemical studies, EMT was naturally occurring. Once this was confirmed, we wanted to investigate the effects of EMT beyond the immediate gene expression pattern that traditionally defined it. Although approximately 90% of metaplastic breast carcinomas are triple negative, 5-10% amplify and overexpress HER2. We then conducted both observational studies in these biphasic HER2 overexpressing metaplastic breast carcinomas and experimental studies with a HER2 overexpressing cell line, the HTB20, where TGFβ1 induced EMT. In the observational studies, HER2 gene amplification was equally present in both the epithelial and mesenchymal phases but both HER2 mRNA and protein levels were essentially silenced in the areas having undergone EMT. Similarly in the experimental studies where TGFβ1 induced EMT, HER2 gene amplification persisted but HER2 mRNA and protein levels were similarly silenced. These studies provide direct evidence that both naturally occurring and induced EMT results in epigenetically silencing of HER2 overexpression.},
}

*Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
Humans
*Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics/metabolism
Female
*Epigenesis, Genetic
*Gene Silencing
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/metabolism
Cell Line, Tumor
Animals
Transforming Growth Factor beta1

@article {pmid41024216,
year = {2025},
author = {Kitagawa, Y and Nassiri, M and Mesa, H and Prakash, J and Popnikolov, N},
title = {Possible role of anastrozole-induced hormonal alterations in pathogenesis of mammary apocrine carcinoma and follicular lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {465},
pmid = {41024216},
issn = {1752-1947},
mesh = {Humans ; *Anastrozole/adverse effects ; Female ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced/pathology/surgery ; *Aromatase Inhibitors/adverse effects ; *Nitriles/adverse effects ; *Lymphoma, Follicular/chemically induced/pathology ; *Triazoles/adverse effects ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/chemically induced/surgery ; *Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects ; Paget's Disease, Mammary ; Mammography ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In postmenopausal women, aromatase inhibitors decrease estrogen levels and increase local dihydrotestosterone concentrations. In this case report, we describe interesting associations between aromatase-inhibitor-induced hormonal changes and the development of apocrine mammary carcinoma and follicular lymphoma.

CASE PRESENTATION: Here we report an 83-year-old Caucasian female patient who initially presented with Paget's disease of the right nipple and associated small focus of invasive ductal carcinoma (ERα + PR + HER2-). The patient did not pursue surgical resection and was treated only with anastrozole, and 5 years later, she was diagnosed with a 1.1 cm ipsilateral periareolar apocrine mammary carcinoma (ERα-ERβ + PR - AR + HER2-) that was detected during surveillance mammography. In addition to this tumor, the subsequent mastectomy specimen revealed an adjacent residual focus of the original invasive ductal carcinoma (ERα + ERβ + PR + AR + HER2-) within the nipple and a focus of follicular lymphoma (ERα-ERβ + AR[low]) in the retroareolar area. Sentinel lymph nodes and imaging studies were negative for malignancy. The patient was continued on observation. Anastrozole was stopped after 10 months, and 2 months later, during a routine screening, a 1.8 cm invasive apocrine carcinoma (ERα-ERβ + PR-AR + HER2-) was detected in the patient's contralateral breast and she underwent simple mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy. The sentinel lymph node was negative. No chemotherapy or radiation therapy was recommended. All carcinomas exposed to anastrozole expressed androgen-responsive molecules (GCDFP-15, NKX3.1). Germline genetic testing for 19 genes associated with hereditary breast cancer syndromes was negative, and 3 years later, the patient is still alive with no recurrences.

CONCLUSION: Our case suggests that unopposed local androgen exposure and loss of ERβ-mediated suppressive effect of estrogens may be involved in development of apocrine mammary tumors and lymphomas, respectively. However, further studies are necessary to clarify the roles of steroid hormones in pathogenesis of apocrine carcinoma and follicular lymphoma. This case also illustrates the importance of patient follow-up during and after aromatase inhibitor therapy. Appropriate surveillance for lymphoma may also be considered for those patients. Finally, when lymphoid aggregates are encountered in specimens from patients with breast cancer, a clinical history of hormonal therapy should alert the pathologist for a possibility of lymphoma.},
}

Humans
*Anastrozole/adverse effects
Female
Aged, 80 and over
*Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced/pathology/surgery
*Aromatase Inhibitors/adverse effects
*Nitriles/adverse effects
*Lymphoma, Follicular/chemically induced/pathology
*Triazoles/adverse effects
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/chemically induced/surgery
*Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects
Paget's Disease, Mammary
Mammography

@article {pmid41018463,
year = {2025},
author = {Douligeris, CC and Boptsi, E and Theocharopoulos, C and Foteinou, D and Batis, A and Lampropoulos, P and Manolakos, O},
title = {A Rare Cause of Intestinal Obstruction: Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma Metastasizing to the Ileocecal Valve.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {e90985},
pmid = {41018463},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) has a higher propensity for gastrointestinal metastases compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). We present the case of a 65-year-old woman with metastatic ILC who developed intestinal obstruction due to ileocecal metastases 30 months after undergoing total mastectomy and adjuvant therapy for left-sided breast cancer (BC). Abdominal computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a transition point at the ileocecal valve. Surgical resection was performed to relieve the small bowel obstruction, and histopathology confirmed metastatic ILC with receptor discordance compared to the primary tumor. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of intestinal metastases from BC, including receptor conversion and resistance to therapy. Molecular profiling and tailored treatment are crucial for optimal management of complex metastatic disease.},
}

@article {pmid40914542,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Q and Huang, J and Wu, S and Wang, J and Yu, T and Wei, W and Yang, T and Wu, X and Zhai, J and Zhang, X},
title = {Neuro-immuno-stromal context in colorectal cancer: An enteric glial cell-driven prognostic model via machine learning predicts survival, recurrence, and therapy response.},
journal = {Experimental cell research},
volume = {452},
number = {1},
pages = {114733},
doi = {10.1016/j.yexcr.2025.114733},
pmid = {40914542},
issn = {1090-2422},
mesh = {Humans ; *Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/immunology/mortality/therapy ; *Machine Learning ; Prognosis ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology/genetics ; *Neuroglia/pathology/metabolism/immunology ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Male ; Female ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Enteric glial cells (EGCs) have been implicated in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model integrating EGC- and CRC-associated gene expression to predict patient survival, recurrence, metastasis, and therapy response.

METHODS: Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data were analyzed, and a machine learning-based model was constructed using the RSF random forest algorithm. The model's prognostic value was evaluated through survival analysis, pathway enrichment, immune profiling, and therapy response predictions.

RESULTS: The model effectively stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups, with high-risk patients exhibiting significantly worse overall survival (OS) and an increased likelihood of recurrence and metastasis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) identified key pathways associated with tumor progression, immune regulation, and microenvironmental interactions. The model was significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration and chemokine signaling. High-risk patients exhibited reduced immune therapy efficacy and distinct drug sensitivity profiles, suggesting its potential to guide personalized treatment strategies.

CONCLUSION: This model serves as a valuable tool for CRC prognosis and treatment stratification, with potential clinical applications pending further validation.},
}

Humans
*Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/immunology/mortality/therapy
*Machine Learning
Prognosis
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology/genetics
*Neuroglia/pathology/metabolism/immunology
Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Male
Female
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics

@article {pmid40993701,
year = {2025},
author = {Cheng, X and Zeng, W and Yin, B and Gui, J and Zhang, H and Lv, Z and Zhang, S and Zhou, Y},
title = {Spatiotemporal microenvironment landscape and malignant epithelial pattern transition in breast ductal carcinoma progression.},
journal = {Journal of translational medicine},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {996},
pmid = {40993701},
issn = {1479-5876},
support = {Grant nos. 2020-133-11, 2020-133-16//Science and Technology Bureau of Nanchang Municipality/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Tumor Microenvironment/genetics ; *Disease Progression ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/genetics ; Cell Movement ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; *Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Owing to the complexity of TME components and the heterogeneity of cancer cells, the relationship between the niches of TME and prognosis in breast ductal carcinoma remains unknown. The staged characteristics of corresponding cancer cell behaviors are unclear. Our study aims to reveal spatial structures and specific cellular information of TME and cancer cells subgroups during the progression from DCIS to IDC and lymph node metastasis.

METHODS: Single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, bulk RNA sequencing datasets were used to explore the changes in microenvironmental components and transcriptional programs of tumor cells during the progression of breast ductal carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry, multiplex immunofluorescence, flow cytometry cell cycle detection, invasion migration experiments, and WB imprinting were employed for validation.

RESULTS: Analysis of TME cell type subsets revealed the accumulation of TEX, iTreg, and stress-phenotype TAM in the mammary gland in situ during the invasion process. Lymphatic metastases exhibited enrichment of nTregs and a more naïve-like CD8 T cell population. Spatial analysis and survival analysis showed that the spatial niches of CD4 TN and phagocytic-phenotype macrophages were associated with a favorable prognosis, and these niches were lost during disease progression. The proliferative subpopulation of breast ductal carcinoma was enriched in lymphatic metastatic tissues, expressing high levels of FAM111B and exhibiting intense TCA and oxidative phosphorylation metabolism. Silencing FAM111B led to cell cycle arrest, decreased invasion and migration abilities, and downregulation of core mediator genes for cuproptosis and disulfidptosis.

CONCLUSIONS: The stage-specific microenvironmental characteristics of breast ductal carcinoma correspond to some extent to the behavior of tumor cells. During the progression of ductal carcinoma in breast tissue, the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment occurs. The microenvironmental spectrum at lymph node metastases differs somewhat, corresponding to a more enriched turnover of cancer cell proliferation and death. Inhibitors of FAM111B and inducers of cuproptosis and disulfidptosis may serve as potential therapeutic targets for proliferative subgroups.},
}

Humans
*Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
*Disease Progression
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/genetics
Cell Movement
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Lymphatic Metastasis
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Proliferation
*Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Prognosis

@article {pmid40990786,
year = {2025},
author = {Tabassum, S and Saeed, U and Tahir, R and Khalid, Z and Piracha, ZZ and Uppal, R and Khan, AA and Ozsahin, DU and Waheed, Y and Ngozi, AJI and Ashraf, M},
title = {Estimating high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) single nucleotide polymorphisms among hepatitis B virus infected patients of Pakistan origin.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {85},
number = {},
pages = {e284560},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.284560},
pmid = {40990786},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {Humans ; Pakistan ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; *HMGB1 Protein/genetics ; Male ; Female ; Genotype ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Hepatitis B/genetics ; Young Adult ; Gene Frequency ; *Hepatitis B, Chronic/genetics ; },
abstract = {HMGB1 is nuclear non-histone protein and unique member of cytokines. In viral hepatitis infection HMGB1 serum level increases and translocates towards cytoplasm and extracellular spaces where it activates single stimulating hepatic stellate cell proliferation which induces fibrogenic protein expression and causes hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, total 150 subjects were recruited to assess the association between HMGB1 SNPs and HBV. Three types of genotypes were found visible in rs3742305 of HMGB1; wild type homozygous GG with 65%, homozygous minor type CC with 6% and heterozygous minor type GC with 26% frequency distribution. High prevalence of GG genotype in the selected population presenting that GG genotype may have higher risk for susceptibility to HBV infection. Our results showed significant correlation of HMGB1 polymorphism with HBV infection in the selected Pakistani population.},
}

Humans
Pakistan
*Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
*HMGB1 Protein/genetics
Male
Female
Genotype
Adult
Middle Aged
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
*Hepatitis B/genetics
Young Adult
Gene Frequency
*Hepatitis B, Chronic/genetics

@article {pmid40990784,
year = {2025},
author = {Uppal, R and Saeed, U and Tahir, R and Uppal, MR and Khan, AA and Rahman, C and Uppal, MS and Ozsahin, DU and Gilani, SS and Waheed, Y and Piracha, ZZ},
title = {Lymphopenia as a diagnostic biomarker in clinical COVID-19: insights from a comprehensive study on SARS-CoV-2 variants.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {85},
number = {},
pages = {e284362},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.284362},
pmid = {40990784},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/blood/complications ; *Lymphopenia/virology/blood/diagnosis ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Male ; Female ; Biomarkers/blood ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Lymphocyte Count ; },
abstract = {The enduring SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitates robust tools for severity assessment. This study, conducted at Islamabad Diagnostic Center across Pakistan from January 2021 to August 2022, aimed to investigate hematological abnormalities among suspected SARS-CoV-2 subjects. Initial enrollment included 130,347 cases, with 53,078 confirmed positive and 77,269 negative. An additional 11,786 samples expanded the dataset to 142,133. The Omicron and Centaurus variants, in confirmed positive patients, exhibited a slightly higher frequency of hematological abnormalities (30.42%) than negative participants (27.01%). Notably, lymphocyte count reduction (40.95%) suggested its potential as an alternative diagnostic parameter for clinical COVID-19. Decreased levels of NA (37.99%), HGB (26.17%), MCV (20.60%), PLT (6.15%), and ALB (2.28%) were observed. Abnormally elevated NEU, CR, MONO, RBCs, WBC, and EOS levels affected 26.00%, 24.28%, 30.79%, 22.02%, 6.28%, and 5.53% of subjects, respectively. Comparatively, positive patients exhibited higher abnormal blood parameters-LYMP count (57.40%), NEU count (46.08%), EOS count (62.48%), MONO count (31.61%), RBC count (30.32%), ALC count (43.60%), CR count (30.91%), NA count (40.53%), CRP count (68.46%), and DD (63.08%) than negative counterparts. The study underscores lymphocytopenia's potential as a cost-effective, early diagnostic biomarker for clinical COVID-19, preceding real-time PCR diagnosis. This supports its consideration in resource-limited settings for strategic screening and policy-making in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 battle.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis/blood/complications
*Lymphopenia/virology/blood/diagnosis
*SARS-CoV-2/genetics
Male
Female
Biomarkers/blood
Adult
Middle Aged
Pakistan/epidemiology
Young Adult
Aged
Adolescent
Lymphocyte Count

@article {pmid40982417,
year = {2025},
author = {Adenwalla, SF and Worboys, HM and Lawday, D and Gray, LJ and Hull, KL and Churchward, DR and Highton, PJ and Young, HML and Graham-Brown, MPM and Burton, JO and March, DS},
title = {The effect of a six-month programme of intradialytic cycling on survival and hospitalisations in people requiring haemodialysis: 5-year follow-up of the CYCLE-HD randomised controlled trial.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {9},
pages = {e0332389},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0332389},
pmid = {40982417},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *Renal Dialysis/methods/mortality ; Male ; *Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Aged ; *Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy/mortality ; Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Adult ; },
abstract = {We have previously shown that a six-month programme of intradialytic cycling (IDC) improved cardiovascular structure and function, it is unclear whether these changes are associated with long-term benefits. The aim of this post-trial analysis was to evaluate a programme of IDC on all-cause mortality, hospitalisations and cardiovascular events at five-years. Mortality and hospitalisation data were collected from Hospital Episode Statistics and death certificates. Models were fitted unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, duration of dialysis, and receiving a kidney transplant. Cox proportional hazard models were used for time-to-event analysis to evaluate all-cause mortality. Hospitalisations were analysed using a negative binomial regression model, and length of stay using a generalised linear model. A composite outcome of time to first cardiovascular event, combining cardiovascular mortality and hospitalisations, was evaluated using a Cox model. There was no evidence of a statistically significant effect of treatment allocation on survival (hazard ratio (HR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68-1.76, p = 0.71). After adjustment, results remained non-significant (HR 1.22, 95% CI: 0.74-2.01, p = 0.43). There was no evidence of a significant effect on all-cause hospitalisations for unadjusted (p = 0.20) or adjusted (p = 0.25) models. Similar results are reported for cardiovascular hospitalisations (p = 0.30 and p = 0.17). For time to first cardiovascular event there was no evidence of a statistically significant effect (HR 1.39, 95% CI: 0.79-2.72, p = 0.26). The main findings show no evidence that a six-month programme of IDC affected all-cause mortality, hospitalisations, cardiovascular events, or length of stay in hospital at five-years.},
}

Humans
*Renal Dialysis/methods/mortality
Male
*Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
Female
Middle Aged
Follow-Up Studies
Aged
*Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy/mortality
Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality
Proportional Hazards Models
Adult

@article {pmid40979608,
year = {2025},
author = {Shaikh, K and Arif, A and Mooghal, M and Vohra, L},
title = {Unveiling the Clinicopathological Outcomes of Breast Cancer in Young Women: A perspective from resource-limited settings.},
journal = {Sultan Qaboos University medical journal},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {658-665},
pmid = {40979608},
issn = {2075-0528},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/therapy/diagnosis ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Incidence ; Young Adult ; Risk Factors ; Registries/statistics & numerical data ; Resource-Limited Settings ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the incidence of breast cancer in young women over a ten-year period and examine its association with clinical characteristics, risk factors, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the Breast Cancer Registry at our institution was conducted. Of the 2,238 women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2012 and 2021, 535 (23.9%) were aged 40 years or younger at the time of diagnosis. Cases with missing data for independent variables were excluded from the respective analyses.

RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 34.5 years (range: 15-40). The most common clinical stage at presentation was IIB (25.2%), followed by IIA (24.4%), while 7.6% of patients presented with metastatic disease. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant histological type (88.8%), and 57.4% of tumours were high grade. Triple-negative breast cancer accounted for 27.0% of cases, and 18.4% were ERBB2-enriched. Bilateral disease was observed in 2.5% of cases, and 7.5% were diagnosed during pregnancy. A family history of breast cancer was reported in 23.6%. Genetic testing was performed in 10.9% of patients, with BRCA1 mutations being the most frequently identified (12.1%). Modified radical mastectomy was performed in 38.2% of patients, and 8.2% underwent reconstructive surgery. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 49.9% of cases, and 68.2% received adjuvant radiotherapy. The five-year overall survival rate was 93.9%, with 12 patients (2.4%) experiencing distant and one (0.2%) experiencing local recurrence within five years.

CONCLUSION: Young women with breast cancer in resource-limited settings demonstrate distinct sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics, underscoring the importance of early detection strategies and personalised treatment approaches.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology/therapy/diagnosis
Adult
Retrospective Studies
Adolescent
Incidence
Young Adult
Risk Factors
Registries/statistics & numerical data
Resource-Limited Settings

@article {pmid40513789,
year = {2025},
author = {Kavazis, C and Ekmektzoglou, A and Kokolakis, A and Liappis, T and Douganiotis, G and Natsiopoulos, I},
title = {The role of PIK3CA mutation in lobular breast cancer in the era of precision oncology - A systematic review.},
journal = {Critical reviews in oncology/hematology},
volume = {214},
number = {},
pages = {104805},
doi = {10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104805},
pmid = {40513789},
issn = {1879-0461},
mesh = {Humans ; *Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/diagnosis ; *Mutation ; Female ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Precision Medicine/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ιnvasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a distinct subtype of breast cancer with unique clinical and molecular features. Although ILC generally responds to endocrine therapy, it tends to exhibit lower chemotherapy sensitivity, underscoring the need for tailored therapeutic approaches. PIK3CA mutations are frequently observed in ILC. This systematic review evaluates the prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in ILC and examines their prognostic and predictive significance.

METHODS: We searched PubMed and Scopus for studies reporting PIK3CA mutations in lobular breast cancer. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies on stage I-III ILC examining mutation frequency, prognosis, or predictive value. Data on mutation prevalence in ILC (and comparisons to invasive ductal carcinoma, IDC) and associated outcomes were extracted. Meta-analyses were performed with assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias.

RESULTS: Ten relevant studies (nine cohorts) were included. The prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in ILC ranged from ∼30 % to ∼50 %. Statistic analysis showed that nearly half of ILCs harbor PIK3CA mutations. Mutation rates in ILC were generally higher than in IDC. No significant association between PIK3CA mutation status and patient prognosis was observed in the available studies. There were limited data ontreatment response.

CONCLUSIONS: PIK3CA is a commonly mutated gene in ILC, but current evidence does not demonstrate a clear impact on prognosis or definite predictive value for therapy response in this subtype. Nonetheless, the high mutation frequency provides a rationale for targeted therapeutic approaches. PIK3CA testing may be considered in advanced ILC to identify candidates for PI3K inhibitor therapy, although further research is needed.},
}

Humans
*Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/diagnosis
*Mutation
Female
*Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/diagnosis
Prognosis
Precision Medicine/methods

@article {pmid40957887,
year = {2025},
author = {Kadri, S and Fischer, A and Mück-Häusl, M and Han, W and Kadri, A and Lin, Y and Yang, L and Hu, S and Ye, H and Ramesh, P and Ansari, M and Schiller, HB and Machens, HG and Rinkevich, Y},
title = {A mesothelial differentiation gateway drives fibrosis.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {8295},
pmid = {40957887},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Mice ; Epithelium/metabolism/pathology ; Fibrosis ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Lung/pathology/metabolism ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Disease Models, Animal ; Transcriptome ; *Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Female ; },
abstract = {Internal organs are encased by a supportive epithelial monolayer of mesodermal origin, termed mesothelium. The nature, evolution and function of mesothelial cells, and their genetic regulation impacting disease development are insufficiently understood. Here, we generate a comprehensive organ-wide single-cell transcriptomic compendium of mesothelium across healthy and diseased mouse and human organs, delineating the evolution of conserved activated states of mesothelial cells in response to disease. We uncover genetic drives behind each cell state and reveal a conserved metabolic gate into multipotent proteolytic, inflammatory and fibrotic cell differentiation, in mouse and human. Using lung injury models in mice, in combination with mesothelial cell-specific viral approaches, we show that direct metabolic reprogramming using Ifi27l2a and Crip1 on organ surfaces, blocks multipotent differentiation and protects mouse lungs from fibrotic disease. These findings place mesothelial cells as cellular exemplars and gateway to fibrotic disease, opening translational approaches to subvert fibrosis across a range of clinical indications.},
}

Animals
Humans
*Cell Differentiation/genetics
Mice
Epithelium/metabolism/pathology
Fibrosis
Epithelial Cells/metabolism
Lung/pathology/metabolism
Single-Cell Analysis
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Disease Models, Animal
Transcriptome
*Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology/genetics/metabolism
Male
Female

@article {pmid40950543,
year = {2025},
author = {Abon, JCR and Valparaiso, AP and Yuga, ACQ},
title = {Necrotizing Fasciitis of Bilateral Breasts following Unilateral Modified Radical Mastectomy for Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature.},
journal = {Acta medica Philippina},
volume = {59},
number = {11},
pages = {98-104},
pmid = {40950543},
issn = {2094-9278},
abstract = {Necrotizing fasciitis of the breast is a rare but potentially fatal soft tissue infection. It may occur primarily in patients without any direct cause, and less commonly after undergoing elective surgical procedures such as cosmetic mammoplasties and oncologic resections. This is a case of a 46-year-old female with stage IIIA invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast treated with modified radical mastectomy presenting with a necrotizing infection involving the bilateral breast regions and left lateral abdomen six days after operation. She was managed with broad-spectrum antibiotics and radical debridement with right mastectomy, followed by wound coverage with split-thickness skin grafting. This is the eight case of breast necrotizing fasciitis occurring after mastectomy for breast cancer reported in the literature.},
}

@article {pmid40944124,
year = {2025},
author = {Mrosewski, I and Fleming, T and Schulze-Tanzil, G and Werner, C and Gögele, C and Mantel, V and Kokozidou, M and Bertsch, T},
title = {Menaquinone-7 Supplementation Increases Multiple Advanced Glycation End-Products and Oxidation Markers in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {17},
number = {17},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu17172733},
pmid = {40944124},
issn = {2072-6643},
support = {SZ_FP_008.18//Kerscher´sche Stiftung/ ; SZ_FP_164.20//Kerscher´sche Stiftung/ ; },
abstract = {Background: Dicarbonyls and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) contribute to oxidative stress, inflammation, and complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), a vitamin K2 subtype, has shown benefits for glucose tolerance and vascular health in some studies. We evaluated the impact of MK-7 on dicarbonyls, free AGEs, and protein nitration/oxidation adducts in a rat model of T2DM. Methods: Male heterozygous (fa/+, control) and homozygous (fa/fa, diabetic) Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats were fed a diabetogenic diet without or with MK-7 for 12 weeks. After sacrifice, plasma dicarbonyls as well as plasma and urinary levels of free AGEs and protein nitration/oxidation adducts were quantified by isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Results: Diabetic rats showed significantly increased plasma glyoxal, 3-deoxyglucosone, and fructosyl-lysine with non-significant trends toward increased methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone and methionine sulfoxide, as well as reductions in methylglyoxal and dityrosine. Urinary carboxyethyl-lysine, carboxymethyl-lysine, fructosyl-lysine (all significant), and dityrosine (non-significant) were elevated in diabetic rats; glucosepane (non-significant) was reduced. MK-7 supplementation reduced no measured parameter but was associated with non-significant further increases in plasma glyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone, carboxyethyl-lysine, carboxymethyl-lysine, fructosyl-lysine, 3-nitrotyrosine, and methionine sulfoxide, as well as in urinary glyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone, carboxyethyl-lysine, fructosyl-lysine, and 3-nitrotyrosine, in diabetic rats. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between glucose, dicarbonyls, AGEs, and oxidative markers. Conclusions: High-dose MK-7 supplementation did not improve dicarbonyl stress, AGE burden, or protein nitration/oxidation. With respect to available scientific evidence and our observations, the combination of glycemia-driven amplification of glycation and oxidative stress, as well as MK-7-induced glutathione depletion, were likely causative.},
}

@article {pmid40929383,
year = {2025},
author = {Uppal, R and Rehan Uppal, M and Tahir, R and Saeed, U and Khan, AA and Uppal, MS and Ali, Z and Ozsahin, DU and Tariq, MN and Waheed, Y and Piracha, ZZ},
title = {Bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns: a comprehensive analysis of health dynamics across regions in Pakistan (2013-2023).},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {85},
number = {},
pages = {e285605},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.285605},
pmid = {40929383},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {Pakistan/epidemiology ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Infant ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; *Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/drug therapy ; Prevalence ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Young Adult ; Child, Preschool ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Child ; Aged ; Infant, Newborn ; Escherichia coli/drug effects/isolation & purification ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology/epidemiology ; Salmonella/drug effects/isolation & purification ; },
abstract = {Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health concern globally, and Pakistan is no exception. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics, inadequate regulation of their sale, and a lack of awareness contribute to the rising levels of AMR in the country. study presents a detailed analysis of blood and urine samples collected in Pakistan over various periods, focusing on pathogen prevalence, gender distribution, and age-wise patterns. From January 2013 to 2017, the North region exclusively contributed to the blood sample dataset, with Salmonella emerging as the primary pathogen, particularly affecting infants and neonates. Subsequently, from January 2017 to December 2020, a significant dataset emerged from the North and Punjab regions, with Salmonella and E.coli prevalent across all age groups, notably impacting adults and infants. In the period from January 2021 to the present, blood samples predominantly originated from the North and Punjab regions, with Salmonella and E.coli remaining significant pathogens, affecting adults and the elderly. Regarding urine samples, from January 2013 to December 2017, E.coli was the dominant pathogen, with females showing a higher susceptibility to urinary tract infections (UTIs), particularly among the elderly. Similarly, from January 2017 to December 2020, E.coli remained predominant, with UTIs more prevalent in females and the elderly. In the most recent period, the North region significantly contributed to UTI cases, with E.coli remaining predominant and females exhibiting a higher susceptibility, especially among the elderly. This comprehensive analysis provides crucial insights into the epidemiology of blood and urinary tract infections in Pakistan, informing public health strategies and interventions aimed at addressing these health challenges.},
}

Pakistan/epidemiology
Humans
Female
Male
Adult
Infant
Middle Aged
Adolescent
*Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/drug therapy
Prevalence
*Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Young Adult
Child, Preschool
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
Child
Aged
Infant, Newborn
Escherichia coli/drug effects/isolation & purification
Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology/epidemiology
Salmonella/drug effects/isolation & purification

@article {pmid40921139,
year = {2025},
author = {Xiao, Y and Song, L and Xie, WJ and Chen, RW and Lin, ZJ and Lin, XY and Liu, Y and Jiang, Y and Xu, S and Xu, JP},
title = {Histone Methyltransferase EHMT2 Promotes the Progression of Breast Ductal Carcinoma by Regulating the Hippo Pathway.},
journal = {Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology and oncology : official organ of the International Society for Environmental Toxicology and Cancer},
volume = {44},
number = {3},
pages = {63-74},
doi = {10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2025056721},
pmid = {40921139},
issn = {2162-6537},
mesh = {Humans ; *Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism/genetics/antagonists & inhibitors ; Female ; Hippo Signaling Pathway ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism/genetics ; Mice ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Disease Progression ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Mice, Nude ; Cell Proliferation ; *Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism/genetics ; },
abstract = {Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is a major type of breast cancer. The utilization of inhibitors targeting histone methyltransferases introduces novel therapeutic avenues for the treatment of cancer. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments were applied to assess the levels of EHMT2 in IDC and adjacent tissues. HCC70 cells were treated with EHMT2 inhibitors (UNC0646 and BIX-01294), and assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and transwell assays to evaluate cell viability, apoptosis, and migratory capacity, respectively. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed using the 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probe. The expressions of Hippo pathway were analyzed via Western blot assay. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to detect the subcellular localization changes in YAP expression. A xenograft tumor model of HCC70 cells was applied to validate the tumor-suppressive influences of EHMT2 inhibitors in vivo. We observed significant upregulation of EHMT2 in both IDC clinical samples and IDC cell lines, with high EHMT2 expression correlating with poor prognosis. After treatment with EHMT2 inhibitors UNC0646 or BIX-01294, HCC70 cells exhibited inhibition of proliferation and migratory capacity, alongside an increase in apoptosis rate and ROS production levels. UNC064 or BIX-01294 promoted the phosphorylation levels of MST1, LATS1, MOB1A, and YAP, indicating the activation of the Hippo pathway by EHMT2 inhibitors. Moreover, UNC0646 and BIX-01294 enhanced the cytoplasmic expression of YAP while inhibiting its nuclear localization, preventing its nuclear activation. EHMT2 was upregulated in IDC, and EHMT2 inhibitors suppressed IDC progression by modulating the Hippo signaling pathway.},
}

Humans
*Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism/genetics/antagonists & inhibitors
Female
Hippo Signaling Pathway
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics
Animals
Cell Line, Tumor
*Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism/genetics
Mice
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism/genetics
Signal Transduction
Disease Progression
Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
Apoptosis
Mice, Nude
Cell Proliferation
*Histocompatibility Antigens/metabolism/genetics

@article {pmid40918116,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, H and Zhang, H and Dai, R and Zheng, D and Zhao, J and Jing, H and Ma, X and Zhang, L and Sun, W and Suo, Z},
title = {CD68 as a multi-omic prognostic biomarker in digestive system cancers: correlations with tumor-infiltrating immune cells and immune checkpoints.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1599677},
pmid = {40918116},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism ; *Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology/metabolism ; Prognosis ; *Antigens, CD/genetics/metabolism/immunology ; *Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics/metabolism/immunology ; Female ; Male ; *Digestive System Neoplasms/immunology/mortality/metabolism/pathology/genetics ; *Immune Checkpoint Proteins/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; Multiomics ; CD68 Molecule ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: CD68 plays a crucial role in promoting phagocytosis. However, its expression level, prognostic value and the correlations with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) or common tumor immune checkpoints (TICs) in human digestive system cancers (DSC) remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the expression levels, prognostic significance, and clinical implications of CD68, as well as its correlations with six TIICs and four common TICs in DSC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed CD68 mRNA and protein expression using online databases and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarray (TMA) sections, comparing DSC tumor tissues with adjacent normal tissues. Overall survival (OS) was calculated to evaluate the prognostic value of CD68 in DSC. Additionally, correlations between CD68 expression and six TIICs (B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, NK cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts) or four common TICs (PDCD1, CTLA4, IDO1, and CD40) were assessed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER).

RESULTS: CD68 mRNA expression was significantly higher in esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, but lower in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), and pancreas invasive ductal carcinoma (PAAD). Protein expression of CD68 was significantly higher in COAD than in adjacent normal tissues, but lower in ESCA, LIHC, PAAD, and STAD. CD68 protein expression served as a prognostic marker in COAD and STAD. Furthermore, CD68 expression showed strong positive correlations with the six TIICs and significant positive correlations with the four TICs in DSC.

CONCLUSION: CD68 may serve as an essential prognostic biomarker in COAD and STAD and could be a promising candidate for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targeting in human DSC.},
}

Humans
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism
*Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology/metabolism
Prognosis
*Antigens, CD/genetics/metabolism/immunology
*Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics/metabolism/immunology
Female
Male
*Digestive System Neoplasms/immunology/mortality/metabolism/pathology/genetics
*Immune Checkpoint Proteins/metabolism
Middle Aged
Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
Multiomics
CD68 Molecule

@article {pmid40873579,
year = {2025},
author = {Baena, JC and Victoria, JS and Toro-Pedroza, A and Aragón, CC and Ortiz-Guzman, J and Garcia-Robledo, JE and Torres, D and Rios-Serna, LJ and Albornoz, L and Rosales, JD and Cañas, CA and Adolfo Cruz-Suarez, G and Osorio, FO and Fleitas, T and Laponogov, I and Loukanov, A and Veselkov, K},
title = {Smart CAR-T Nanosymbionts: archetypes and proto-models.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1635159},
pmid = {40873579},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods ; *Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology/genetics ; Animals ; *Nanoparticles ; Artificial Intelligence ; Precision Medicine/methods ; *Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; Nanotechnology/methods ; },
abstract = {Personalized medicine has redefined cancer treatment by aligning therapies with each patient's unique biological profile. A key example is chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, in which a patient's own T cells are genetically modified to recognize and destroy cancer cells. This approach has delivered remarkable results in hematologic malignancies and is beginning to show promise in solid tumors and autoimmune diseases. However, its broader adoption is limited by major challenges, including complex manufacturing, high costs, limited efficacy in solid tumors, and potentially severe toxicities. Nanotechnology offers exciting possibilities to overcome many of these barriers. Engineered nanoparticles can improve gene delivery, target tumors more precisely, enhance immune cell function, and enable in vivo CAR-T production, reducing the need for labor-intensive ex vivo processes. However, despite this promise, translation into clinical settings remains difficult due to regulatory hurdles, scalability issues, and inconsistent reproducibility in human models. At the same time, artificial intelligence (AI), with its powerful algorithms for data analysis and predictive modeling, is transforming how we design, evaluate, and monitor advanced therapies, including the optimization of manufacturing processes. In the context of CAR-T, AI holds strong potential for better patient stratification, improved prediction of treatment response and toxicity, and faster, more precise design of CAR constructs and delivery systems. Leveraging these three technological pillars, this review introduces the concept of Smart CART Nanosymbionts, an integrated framework in which AI guides the design and deployment of nanotechnology-enhanced CAR-T therapies. We explore how this convergence enables optimization of lipid nanoparticle formulations for mRNA transfection, specific targeting and modification of the tumor microenvironment, real-time monitoring of CAR-T cell behavior and toxicity, and improved in vivo CAR-T generation and overcoming barriers in solid tumors. Finally, it's important we also address the ethical and regulatory considerations surrounding this emerging interface of living therapies and computational driven systems. The Smart CART Nanosymbionts framework (Figure 1:) represents a transformative step forward, promising to advance personalized cancer treatment toward greater precision, accessibility, and overall effectiveness.},
}

Humans
*Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
*Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology/genetics
Animals
*Nanoparticles
Artificial Intelligence
Precision Medicine/methods
*Neoplasms/therapy/immunology
Nanotechnology/methods

@article {pmid40639624,
year = {2025},
author = {Borella, F and Gallio, N and Giurdanella, M and Capella, G and Cassoni, P and Castellano, I},
title = {Triple-negative lobular breast cancer: focus on pathology and clinical challenges.},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {162},
number = {},
pages = {105871},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2025.105871},
pmid = {40639624},
issn = {1532-8392},
mesh = {Humans ; *Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/therapy ; Female ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/genetics/therapy ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {Triple-negative invasive lobular carcinoma is a rare and under-characterized subtype of breast cancer, distinct from the more common triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma. While triple-negative invasive ductal carcinoma is generally recognized for its aggressive clinical behavior and lack of targeted treatment options, triple-negative invasive lobular carcinoma presents unique histopathological and molecular features that may influence its prognosis and therapeutic responsiveness. Despite these differences, triple-negative invasive lobular carcinoma remains poorly studied, leading to a reliance on treatment strategies adapted from ductal histotype, which may not fully address its biological complexities. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of triple-negative invasive lobular carcinoma by analyzing its clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic factors, and emerging therapeutic approaches. We explore the genetic alterations commonly observed in triple-negative invasive lobular carcinoma, their potential implications for treatment selection, and the challenges in current management strategies. Furthermore, we discuss the need for specialized research efforts and clinical trials to define treatment paradigms better. As precision oncology continues to evolve, understanding the biological distinctions of triple-negative invasive lobular carcinoma will be essential for optimizing patient outcomes and developing more effective treatment strategies.},
}

Humans
*Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/genetics/therapy
Female
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/genetics/therapy
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Prognosis

@article {pmid40863096,
year = {2025},
author = {Cioroianu, RA and Schenker, M and Rădulescu, VM and Berisha, TC and Cioroianu, GO and Popescu, M and Ciofiac, CM and Petrescu, AM and Mogoantă, SȘ},
title = {Therapeutic Patterns and Surgical Decision-Making in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Regional Cohort Study in Romania.},
journal = {Clinics and practice},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {40863096},
issn = {2039-7275},
abstract = {Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women globally. In Romania, it is the most frequent form of cancer affecting women, with approximately 12,000 new cases diagnosed annually, and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality, second only to lung cancer. Methods: This study looked at 79 breast cancer patients from Oltenia, concentrating on epidemiology, histology, diagnostic features, and treatments. Patients were chosen based on inclusion criteria such as histopathologically verified diagnosis, availability of clinical and treatment data, and follow-up information. The analyzed biological material consisted of tissue samples taken from the breast parenchyma and axillary lymph nodes. Even though not the primary subject of this paper, all patients underwent immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation both preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: We found invasive ductal carcinoma to be the predominant type, while ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and mixed types were rare. We performed cross-tabulations of metastasis versus nodal status and age versus therapy type; none reached significance (all p > 0.05), suggesting observed differences were likely due to chance. A chi-square test comparing surgical interventions (breast-conserving vs. mastectomy) in patients who did or did not receive chemotherapy showed, χ[2] = 3.17, p = 0.367, indicating that chemotherapy did not significantly influence surgical choice. Importantly, adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were used at similar rates across age groups, whereas neoadjuvant hormonal (endocrine) therapy was more common in older patients (but without statistical significance). Conclusions: Finally, we discussed the consequences of individualized care and early detection. Romania's shockingly low screening rate, which contributes to delayed diagnosis, emphasizes the importance of improved population medical examination and tailored treatment options. Also, the country has one of the lowest rates of mammography uptake in Europe and no systematic population screening program.},
}

@article {pmid40418704,
year = {2025},
author = {Hassan, F and Zhang, H and Idiaquez, DW and Pakasticali, N and Hyjek, E and Hussaini, M},
title = {KRAS may facilitate transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia to histiocytic sarcoma with indeterminate dendritic cell features.},
journal = {American journal of clinical pathology},
volume = {164},
number = {2},
pages = {157-162},
doi = {10.1093/ajcp/aqaf041},
pmid = {40418704},
issn = {1943-7722},
mesh = {Humans ; *Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology/genetics ; *Histiocytic Sarcoma/pathology/genetics ; Male ; Aged ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics/metabolism ; *Dendritic Cells/pathology ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology/genetics ; Mutation ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to histiocytic sarcoma (HS) with indeterminate dendritic cell (IDC) features.

METHODS: Extensive NGS-based genomic profiling was performed on samples of a patient who had CLL, secondary HS with IDC features, and CMML. Clonotypic evaluation of VDJ rearrangement status was performed to confirm clonal relatedness.

RESULTS: HS is a rare proliferation of malignant tissue histiocytes that is usually primary, although secondary HS exists and often demonstrates mutations in the Ras/Raf/MAPK or PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, but HS with indeterminate dendritic cell (IDC) features has not been previously reported. A 77-year-old man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) presented with an oropharyngeal mass. Biopsy specimen showed large atypical histiocytic cells with oval-to-irregular indented nuclei. They were positive for CD33, CD4, CD68 (subset, weak), CD163 (subset, weak), BCL6, S100 (subset), CD1a, cyclin D1 (subset), and lysozyme (weak) but negative for Langerin, BRAF V600E, CD21, CD23, CD35, CD123, TCF4, TCL1, MPO, CD20, CD79a, CD10, MUM1, and BCL2. The patient was diagnosed with secondary HS with IDC features as well as chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) in the bone marrow. Careful genomic dissection of all 3 types of malignant cells showed that SF3B1 p.E622D was present in both CLL and HS but not CMML. In addition, the HS acquired KRAS p.G13D, which we hypothesize drove the transdifferentiation of CLL to HS. Moreover, next-generation sequencing (NGS) clonotypic evaluation of variable-diversity-joining (VDJ) rearrangements in both the HS and CLL established relatedness but not the CMML.Conclusion: This is the first report of secondary HS with IDC features arising from CLL. We establish by both IGH NGS analysis and mutational profiling that the CLL and HS are clonally-related and posit that acquisition of KRAS p.G13D drove transdifferentiation. This has therapeutic implications for targeting the RAS-BRAF-MAPK-ERK pathway.},
}

Humans
*Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology/genetics
*Histiocytic Sarcoma/pathology/genetics
Male
Aged
*Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics/metabolism
*Dendritic Cells/pathology
*Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology/genetics
Mutation
Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics

@article {pmid40849879,
year = {2025},
author = {Oolbekkink, S and Wolthaus, JWH and van Asselen, B and Stijnman, PRS and Raaymakers, BW},
title = {Development and demonstration of end-to-end testing for intra-fraction motion-managed workflows.},
journal = {Medical physics},
volume = {52},
number = {9},
pages = {e18042},
doi = {10.1002/mp.18042},
pmid = {40849879},
issn = {2473-4209},
support = {18495//Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; },
mesh = {*Workflow ; Movement ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Humans ; Radiometry ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intra-fraction motion management techniques, including beam gating and intra-fraction drift correction (IDC), have recently been introduced on the Unity MR-linac (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) to mitigate the dosimetric impact of motion during treatment. However, residual motion (e.g., within the gating window) still affects the delivered dose, causing deviations from the statically planned dose. Conventional end-to-end (E2E) testing does not incorporate such (known) motion, hampering evaluation of motion managed workflows.

PURPOSE: This study develops and demonstrates novel methods that incorporate known motion before treatment delivery. Using such a reference dose distribution allows for E2E testing of intra-fraction motion-managed workflows.

METHODS: A novel approach was developed to assess the E2E accuracy for motion-managed delivery techniques by comparing the measured dose distribution to a reference dose distribution that incorporates the applied motion during the delivery. Two motion-included reference dose distributions were generated and evaluated: (1) A Priori Motion-Included (APriMI) dose distribution which uses the known (periodic) motion to estimate the influence of anatomical motion on the dose distribution, and incorporates this into a new dose distribution; and (2) the Posteriori Motion-Included (PostMI) dose distribution, which adds an external trigger to relate the beam-on/off time to the motion of the setup. This allows for evaluation of non-periodic motion, or a drift motion during IDC workflows. In addition to these, the conventionally used static treatment planning system (TPS) dose distribution was used as a reference dose distribution. Several scenarios were evaluated: static (no phantom motion), two unmanaged, and two motion-managed scenarios using the Comprehensive Motion Management (CMM) software (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) for gated and IDC workflows, with cos 4 $\mathrm{cos^4}$
and linear drift motion patterns. All measurements were performed on a clinical Unity MR-linac equipped with CMM software, using film dosimeters for high spatial resolution dose distribution assessment. The geometric and dosimetric E2E accuracy of the workflow were evaluated for all scenarios.

RESULTS: First, the static benchmark scenario was evaluated and showed high agreement between the measured dose distribution and all reference dose distributions (i.e., static, APriMI, and PostMI). For the motion-included scenarios, excellent agreement was observed between the measured and calculated dose distributions in both unmanaged and managed cases when using either APriMI or PostMI. The largest geometric shift in the motion included scenarios was 0.3 mm, comparable to the static scenario. Dosimetric accuracy, evaluated using a global gamma index (2%/2 mm), exceeded 95.5%. As expected, larger deviations occurred when the static dose distribution was used as a reference, with geometric shifts up to 9.0 mm and gamma pass rates as low as 17.8%.

CONCLUSIONS: E2E testing of intra-fraction motion-managed workflows is possible using APriMI and PostMI dose distributions. Strong agreement was observed with these motion-included distributions, while larger deviations were seen with the static dose distribution. These findings highlight the need for reference dose files that account for actual motion in the measurement setup to assess E2E accuracy of motion-included workflows.},
}

*Workflow
Movement
Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods
Radiotherapy Dosage
Humans
Radiometry

@article {pmid40516663,
year = {2025},
author = {Göransson, S and Olofsson, H and Johansson, HJ and Yan, F and Vogiatzakis, C and Liang, S and Bellato, HM and Masvidal, L and Aksoylu, I and Hartman, J and Hajj, GN and Larsson, O and Lehtiö, J and Strömblad, S},
title = {Mechanical control of breast cancer malignancy by promotion of mevalonate pathway enzyme synthesis.},
journal = {Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology},
volume = {140},
number = {},
pages = {1-15},
doi = {10.1016/j.matbio.2025.05.005},
pmid = {40516663},
issn = {1569-1802},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mevalonic Acid/metabolism ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; Female ; *Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Extracellular Matrix/metabolism/pathology ; *Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase/genetics/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; },
abstract = {In breast cancer, mechanotransduction from stiffened extracellular matrix (ECM) drives proliferation and invasion. Here, we use a model of matrix stiffening mimicking progression of breast ductal carcinoma in situ to invasive ductal carcinoma. Quantitative mass spectrometry identified enrichment of ECM-stiffness upregulated mevalonate pathway enzymes, indicating sterol/isoprenoid metabolism reprogramming. Consistently, the first committed mevalonate pathway enzyme, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase (HMGCS1), was upregulated in human breast cancer specimens and spatially correlated with cross-linked ECM. ECM-stiffness promoted HMGCS1 protein synthesis without corresponding mRNA level alterations, indicating post-transcriptional regulation of mevalonate biosynthesis via microenvironmental mechanical cues to impose rapid metabolic alterations. Moreover, HMGCS1-RNAi blocked the stiffness-driven breast cancer proliferative and invasive phenotype. Mechanistically, mechanotransduction signaling, through integrin and Rac1 to promote HMGCS1 protein expression, drives the breast cancer malignant phenotype. Intriguingly, the Rac1-P29S cancer mutant promoted a malignant phenotype without stiff ECM in a mevalonate-dependent manner. In summary, we define a mechano-responsive pathway controlling mevalonate pathway enzyme synthesis that drives breast cancer malignant behaviors.},
}

Humans
*Mevalonic Acid/metabolism
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics
Female
*Mechanotransduction, Cellular
Extracellular Matrix/metabolism/pathology
*Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Synthase/genetics/metabolism
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism/genetics
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Proliferation

@article {pmid40695279,
year = {2025},
author = {Kaltenecker, D and Fisker Schmidt, S and Weber, P and Loft, A and Morigny, P and Machado, J and Geppert, J and Saul, KB and Benedikt, P and Molocea, CE and Scott, R and Haase, K and Martignoni, ME and Alfaro, AJ and Chow, KK and Simoes, E and Pinhata Otoch, J and Lima, JDCC and Swanton, C and Spielmann, N and Hrabé de Angelis, M and Elsner, M and Ertürk, A and Dyar, KA and Rohm, M and Prokopchuk, O and Jamal-Hanjani, M and Seelaender, M and Backs, J and Herzig, S and Berriel Diaz, M},
title = {Functional liver genomics identifies hepatokines promoting wasting in cancer cachexia.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {188},
number = {17},
pages = {4549-4566.e22},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2025.06.039},
pmid = {40695279},
issn = {1097-4172},
mesh = {*Cachexia/metabolism/genetics/pathology ; Humans ; Animals ; *Liver/metabolism ; *Neoplasms/complications/metabolism/genetics ; Mice ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Male ; Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism/genetics ; Genomics ; Female ; Transcriptome ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; },
abstract = {In cancer cachexia, the presence of a tumor triggers systemic metabolic disruption that leads to involuntary body weight loss and accelerated mortality in affected patients. Here, we conducted transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of the liver in various weight-stable cancer and cancer cachexia models. An integrative multilevel analysis approach identified a distinct gene expression signature that included hepatocyte-secreted factors and the circadian clock component REV-ERBα as key modulator of hepatic transcriptional reprogramming in cancer cachexia. Notably, hepatocyte-specific genetic reconstitution of REV-ERBα in cachexia ameliorated peripheral tissue wasting. This improvement was associated with decreased levels of specific cachexia-controlled hepatocyte-secreted factors. These hepatokines promoted catabolism in multiple cell types and were elevated in cachectic cancer patients. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which the liver contributes to peripheral tissue wasting in cancer cachexia, offering perspectives for future therapeutic interventions.},
}

*Cachexia/metabolism/genetics/pathology
Humans
Animals
*Liver/metabolism
*Neoplasms/complications/metabolism/genetics
Mice
Hepatocytes/metabolism
Male
Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1/metabolism/genetics
Genomics
Female
Transcriptome
Mice, Inbred C57BL

@article {pmid40841699,
year = {2025},
author = {SeyedForootan, F and Mahdavi, N and Koopaie, M},
title = {Mandibular metastasis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast: a case report.},
journal = {Journal of medical case reports},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {423},
pmid = {40841699},
issn = {1752-1947},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; *Mandibular Neoplasms/secondary/diagnostic imaging ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/pathology ; *Mandibular Fractures/etiology/diagnostic imaging ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Liver Neoplasms/secondary ; Fatal Outcome ; *Fractures, Spontaneous/etiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Metastasis of breast carcinoma to the oral cavity is an uncommon event, and mandibular involvement is even rarer. This case is notable owing to the delayed occurrence of mandibular metastasis 6 years after the primary diagnosis, highlighting its aggressive behavior, which resulted in a pathological mandibular fracture. Reporting such rare presentations can aid clinicians in identifying atypical metastatic patterns in breast cancer survivors.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 45 year-old Persian female with a history of invasive ductal breast carcinoma, diagnosed initially and treated 6 years earlier, presented with facial swelling and pain in the left lower jaw. She had been receiving bisphosphonate therapy for bone metastases. Clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed a radiolucent mandibular lesion with cortical bone perforation. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed metastasis from the primary breast cancer. Despite subsequent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the lesion progressed, resulting in a pathological mandibular fracture and further metastases to the lungs and liver.

CONCLUSION: This case underscores the importance of considering metastatic disease in diagnosing oral lesions in patients with a history of malignancy. Early recognition of atypical presentations such as mandibular metastasis may facilitate timely intervention, although prognosis remains poor in such advanced stages.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology
*Mandibular Neoplasms/secondary/diagnostic imaging
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary/pathology
*Mandibular Fractures/etiology/diagnostic imaging
Lung Neoplasms/secondary
Liver Neoplasms/secondary
Fatal Outcome
*Fractures, Spontaneous/etiology

@article {pmid40810087,
year = {2025},
author = {Suzuki, D and Oshi, M and Nishikawa, A and Kawashima, K and Sasamoto, M and Shibata, Y and Adachi, S and Narui, K and Takase, H and Yamada, A and Fujii, S and Endo, I},
title = {Breast Cancer With Airway Edema Caused by Metastatic Fracture of the Cervical Vertebra.},
journal = {World journal of oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {422-425},
pmid = {40810087},
issn = {1920-454X},
abstract = {Bone is a common site of breast cancer metastasis, with the spine showing a particularly high affinity. An 83-year-old Japanese woman with Alzheimer's disease presented with a palpable mass in her left breast. A needle biopsy revealed invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, with lymph node metastasis. Chest dynamic computed tomography showed no distant metastases. She was diagnosed with luminal-type, stage IIB (T2N1M0) breast cancer and underwent surgery. During induction of general anesthesia, intubation was difficult due to airway edema, necessitating bronchoscopy. The day after surgery, she reported neck pain, and radiography revealed a compression fracture of the third cervical vertebra. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a metastatic lesion in the third cervical vertebra. Postoperatively, she received endocrine therapy with letrozole, radiation therapy with zoledronic acid, and a cervical collar for cervical metastases. Seven months later, the osteolytic lesion calcified, and her pain improved. This case is unique because solitary cervical vertebral metastases from breast cancer, leading to compression fractures and airway edema, are rare. The case highlights the importance of considering cervical metastases in patients with breast cancer who develop airway difficulties or unexplained neck pain, particularly in the perioperative setting. Early recognition and intervention are crucial for preventing complications and optimizing patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid39909175,
year = {2025},
author = {Jean, J and Jochelson, MS and Moo, TA and Solomon, SB and Bryce, Y},
title = {Breast Cancer Recurrence after Cryoablation in Patients Who Are Poor Surgical Candidates or Who Refuse Surgery.},
journal = {Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR},
volume = {36},
number = {6},
pages = {971-978},
doi = {10.1016/j.jvir.2025.01.048},
pmid = {39909175},
issn = {1535-7732},
support = {P30 CA 008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Cryosurgery/adverse effects ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; *Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Time Factors ; Risk Factors ; *Treatment Refusal ; Adult ; Risk Assessment ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology ; Patient Selection ; Tumor Burden ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery/pathology ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate in-breast recurrence rates after cryoablation in patients with primary breast cancer who were poor surgical candidates or refused surgery.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with primary breast cancer who were poor surgical candidates or who refused surgery and were treated with cryoablation at a single academic cancer center between October 2018 and June 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Of the 60 treated patients, 45 had invasive ductal carcinoma, 6 had invasive lobular carcinoma, 2 had multicentric ductal carcinoma in situ, and 7 had other histology. Tumor size ranged from 0.3 to 9 cm, with a mean of 2.7 cm. Recurrence was defined as new tumor or regrowth of residual tumor in the ipsilateral breast.

RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 21 months and median follow-up of 9.8 months, there was a recurrence rate of 10% (6 of 60 patients). Patients in the recurrence group had more poorly differentiated disease than those in the nonrecurrence group (66.7% vs 22.2%; P = .038). Tumor size did not differ between nonrecurrence and recurrence groups (nonrecurrence group mean, 2.7 cm [SD ± 2.6]; recurrence group mean, 2.5 cm [SD ± 1.0]; P = .506). Patients who were treated with palliative intent rather than curative intent were significantly older (79.7 years [SD ± 12.2] vs 72.5 years [SD ± 11.3]; P = .032).

CONCLUSIONS: Cryoablation can be considered a treatment option in patients who are poor surgical candidates or who refuse surgery, with a 10% recurrence rate at a mean follow-up of 21 months in this retrospective review that included patients with tumors up to 9 cm, unfavorable pathology, and multicentric disease.},
}

Humans
*Cryosurgery/adverse effects
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/pathology/diagnostic imaging
Retrospective Studies
*Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Middle Aged
Aged
Treatment Outcome
Time Factors
Risk Factors
*Treatment Refusal
Adult
Risk Assessment
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/pathology
Aged, 80 and over
*Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery/pathology
Patient Selection
Tumor Burden
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery/pathology

@article {pmid36931261,
year = {2023},
author = {Cardona Barberán, A and Bonte, D and Boel, A and Thys, V and Paredis, R and Machtelinckx, F and De Sutter, P and De Croo, I and Leybaert, L and Stoop, D and Coucke, P and Vanden Meerschaut, F and Heindryckx, B},
title = {Assisted oocyte activation does not overcome recurrent embryo developmental problems.},
journal = {Human reproduction (Oxford, England)},
volume = {38},
number = {5},
pages = {872-885},
doi = {10.1093/humrep/dead051},
pmid = {36931261},
issn = {1460-2350},
mesh = {Pregnancy ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Animals ; Mice ; *Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic/methods ; *Calcium ; Ionomycin ; Calcimycin ; Prospective Studies ; Semen ; Pregnancy Rate ; Oocytes ; Embryonic Development ; Retrospective Studies ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; },
abstract = {STUDY QUESTION: Can recurrent embryo developmental problems after ICSI be overcome by assisted oocyte activation (AOA)?

SUMMARY ANSWER: AOA did not improve blastocyst formation in our patient cohort with recurrent embryo developmental problems after ICSI.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The use of AOA to artificially induce calcium (Ca2+) rises by using Ca2+ ionophores (mainly calcimycin and ionomycin) has been reported as very effective in overcoming fertilization failure after ICSI, especially in patients whose Ca2+ dynamics during fertilization are deficient. However, there is only scarce and contradictory literature on the use of AOA to overcome embryo developmental problems after ICSI, and it is not clear whether abnormal Ca2+ patterns during fertilization disturb human preimplantation embryo development. Moreover, poor embryo development after ICSI has also been linked to genetic defects in the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) genes.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This prospective cohort single-center study compared ICSI-AOA cycles and previous ICSI cycles in couples with normal fertilization rates (≥60%) but impaired embryonic development (≤15% blastocyst formation) in at least two previous ICSI cycles. In total, 42 couples with embryo developmental problems were included in this study from January 2018 to January 2021.

Of the 42 couples included, 17 underwent an ICSI-AOA cycle consisting of CaCl2 injection and double ionomycin exposure. Fertilization, blastocyst development, pregnancy, and live birth rates after ICSI-AOA were compared to previous ICSI cycles. In addition, the calcium pattern induced by the male patient's sperm was investigated by mouse oocyte calcium analysis. Furthermore, all 42 couples underwent genetic screening. Female patients were screened for SCMC genes (TLE6, PADI6, NLRP2, NLRP5, NLRP7, and KHDC3L) and male patients were screened for the sperm-oocyte-activating factor PLCZ1.

We compared 17 AOA cycles to 44 previous ICSI cycles from the same patient cohort. After AOA, a total fertilization rate of 68.95% (131/190), a blastocyst development rate of 13.74% (18/131), a pregnancy rate of 29.41% (5/17), and a live birth rate of 23.53% (4/17) were achieved, which was not different from the previous ICSI cycles (76.25% (321/421, P-value = 0.06); 9.35% (30/321, P-value = 0.18), 25.00% (11/44, P-value = 0.75), and 15.91% (7/44, P-value = 0.48), respectively). Calcium analysis showed that patient's sperm induced calcium patterns similar to control sperm samples displaying normal embryo developmental potential. Genetic screening revealed 10 unique heterozygous variants (in NLRP2, NLRP5, NLRP7, TLE6, and PADI6) of uncertain significance (VUS) in 14 females. Variant NLRP5 c.623-12_623-11insTTC (p.?) was identified in two unrelated individuals and variant NLRP2 c.1572T>C (p.Asp524=) was identified in four females. Interestingly, we identified a previously reported homozygous mutation PLCZ1, c.1499C>T (p.Ser500Leu), in a male patient displaying impaired embryonic development, but not showing typical fertilization failure.

Our strict inclusion criteria, requiring at least two ICSI cycles with impaired embryo development, reduced cycle-to-cycle variability, while the requirement of a lower blastocyst development not influenced by a poor fertilization excluded couples who otherwise would be selective cases for AOA; however, these criteria limited the sample size of this study. Targeted genetic screening might be too restricted to identify a genetic cause underlying the phenotype of poor embryo development for all patients. Moreover, causality of the identified VUS should be further determined.

Strong evidence for AOA overcoming impaired embryonic development is still lacking in the literature. Thus far, only one article has reported a beneficial effect of AOA (using calcimycin) compared to previous ICSI cycles in this patient population, whilst two more recent sibling-oocyte control studies (one using calcimycin and the other ionomycin) and our research (using ionomycin) could not corroborate these findings. Although no major abnormalities have been found in children born after AOA, this technique should be reserved for couples with a clear Ca2+-release deficiency. Finally, genetic screening by whole-exome sequencing may reveal novel genes and variants linked to embryo developmental problems and allow the design of more personalized treatment options, such as wild-type complementary RNA or recombinant protein injection.

This study was supported by the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (grant FWO.OPR.2015.0032.01 to B.H. and grant no. 1298722N to A.B.). A.C.B., D.B., A.B., V.T., R.P., F.M., I.D.C., L.L., D.S., P.D.S., P.C., and F.V.M. have nothing to disclose. B.H. reports a research grant from the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research and reports being a board member of the Belgian Society for Reproductive Medicine and the Belgian Ethical Committee on embryo research.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT03354013.},
}

Pregnancy
Child
Humans
Male
Female
Animals
Mice
*Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic/methods
*Calcium
Ionomycin
Calcimycin
Prospective Studies
Semen
Pregnancy Rate
Oocytes
Embryonic Development
Retrospective Studies
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins

@article {pmid34316107,
year = {2021},
author = {Ramani, SK and Rastogi, A and Nair, N and Shet, TM and Thakur, MH},
title = {Hyperechoic Lesions on Breast Ultrasound: All Things Bright and Beautiful?.},
journal = {The Indian journal of radiology & imaging},
volume = {31},
number = {1},
pages = {18-23},
pmid = {34316107},
issn = {0971-3026},
abstract = {Ultrasound (US) lexicon of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) defines an echogenic breast mass as a lesion that is hyperechoic in comparison with subcutaneous adipose tissue. However, at sonography, only 0.6 to 5.6% of breast masses are echogenic and the majority of these lesions are benign. approximately, 0.5% of malignant breast lesions appear hyperechoic. The various benign pathologic entities that appear echogenic on US are lipoma, hematoma, seroma, fat necrosis, abscess, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, galactocele, etc. The malignant diagnoses that may present as hyperechoic lesions on breast US are invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, metastasis, lymphoma, and angiosarcoma. Echogenic breast masses need to be correlated with mammographic findings and clinical history. Lesions with worrisome features such as a spiculated margin, interval enlargement, interval vascularity, or association with suspicious microcalcifications on mammography require biopsy. In this article, we would like to present a pictorial review of patients who presented to our department with echogenic breast masses and were subsequently found to have various malignant as well as benign etiologies on histopathology.},
}

@article {pmid27900579,
year = {2017},
author = {Saito, R and Miki, Y and Hata, S and Ishida, T and Suzuki, T and Ohuchi, N and Sasano, H},
title = {Aryl hydrocarbon receptor induced intratumoral aromatase in breast cancer.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {161},
number = {3},
pages = {399-407},
doi = {10.1007/s10549-016-4063-x},
pmid = {27900579},
issn = {1573-7217},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aromatase/genetics/*metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Estrogens/biosynthesis ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ligands ; MCF-7 Cells ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/*metabolism ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inhibits estrogen receptor (ER) pathway, which may suppress estrogen-dependent cell proliferation. However, the correlation between AhR stimulation and intratumoral estrogen synthesis, especially through aromatase, has not been reported to date. In the present study, we examined this correlation in breast cancer cells.

METHODS: We examined AhR and aromatase immunoreactivity in 29 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. We performed in vitro studies using three breast carcinoma cell lines, MCF-7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231.

RESULTS: AhR stimulation induced the mRNA expression of the aromatase gene in vitro in three breast carcinoma cell lines, and increased estrogen synthesis in MCF-7 cell line. Results of microarray analysis showed that AhR-induced aromatase expression was associated with BRCA1 induction. Analysis of patients with breast cancer showed a significant positive correlation between intratumoral AhR and aromatase status. We also compared the effects of AhR stimulation on the induction of intratumoral estrogen synthesis and inhibition of the ER signaling pathway, because AhR exerts contradictory effects on estrogen action in breast carcinoma cells. AhR-induced aromatase expression persisted for a significantly longer duration than AhR-induced ER pathway inhibition. Moreover, breast carcinoma cells treated with an AhR agonist tended to show earlier cell proliferation after removing the agonist than cells not treated with the AhR agonist.

CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that AhR stimulates estrogen-dependent progression of breast carcinoma by inducing aromatase expression under some conditions. These results provide new insights on the possible roles of environmental toxins in breast cancer development.},
}

Adult
Aged
Aromatase/genetics/*metabolism
Breast Neoplasms/genetics/*metabolism/pathology
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Proliferation
Estrogens/biosynthesis
Female
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Ligands
MCF-7 Cells
Middle Aged
Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/*metabolism

@article {pmid27306813,
year = {2016},
author = {Terasawa, R and Iwamoto, M and Tanaka, S and Kimura, K and Takahashi, Y and Fujioka, H and Sato, N and Kawaguchi, K and Ikari, A and Maezawa, S and Tominaga, T and Matsuda, J and Umezaki, N and Uchiyama, K},
title = {[A Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {43},
number = {6},
pages = {749-752},
pmid = {27306813},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast Neoplasms/*pathology/therapy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*diagnosis/therapy ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Thoracic Wall/*pathology ; },
abstract = {Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the breast is a rare disease. We encountered a case of SCC of the breast that relapsed in the early postoperative period and rapidly progressed thereafter. A 38-year-old woman visited our hospital presenting with a tumor in the left breast consisting of a 5-cm mass with an irregularly sharped wall. Fine needle biopsy examination showed squamous cell carcinoma. A modified radical mastectomy by Auchincloss's method was performed on the left breast. SCC was confirmed by histological examination. Two months later, local recurrence on the chest wall was found during adjuvant chemotherapy. Thereafter, the disease rapidly progressed, and finally, the patient died of respiratory failure caused by lung metastasis. The prognosis of SCC of the breast is recognized as being more unfavorable than that of invasive ductal carcinoma. We should develop an effective chemotherapeutic strategy for this disease.},
}

Adult
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
Biopsy, Fine-Needle
Breast Neoplasms/*pathology/therapy
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*diagnosis/therapy
Chemoradiotherapy
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Fatal Outcome
Female
Humans
Recurrence
Thoracic Wall/*pathology

@article {pmid25585381,
year = {2015},
author = {Yang, M and Tang, M and Ma, X and Yang, L and He, J and Peng, X and Guo, G and Zhou, L and Luo, N and Yuan, Z and Tong, A},
title = {AP-57/C10orf99 is a new type of multifunctional antimicrobial peptide.},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
volume = {457},
number = {3},
pages = {347-352},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.115},
pmid = {25585381},
issn = {1090-2104},
mesh = {Amino Acid Sequence ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Tissue Distribution ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an evolutionarily conserved component of the innate immune response that provides host defence at skin and mucosal surfaces. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a new type human AMPs, termed AP-57 (Antimicrobial Peptide with 57 amino acid residues), which is also known as C10orf99 (chromosome 10 open reading frame 99). AP-57 is a short basic amphiphilic peptide with four cysteines and a net charge +14 (MW = 6.52, PI = 11.28). The highest expression of AP-57 were detected in the mucosa of stomach and colon through immunohistochemical assay. Epithelium of skin and esophagus show obvious positive staining and strong positive staining were also observed in some tumor and/or their adjacent tissues, such as esophagus cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma. AP-57 exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Actinomyce, and Fungi Aspergillus niger as well as mycoplasma and lentivirus. AP-57 also exhibited DNA binding capacity and specific cytotoxic effects against human B-cell lymphoma Raji. Compared with other human AMPs, AP-57 has its distinct characteristics, including longer sequence length, four cysteines, highly cationic character, cell-specific toxicity, DNA binding and tissue-specific expressing patterns. Together, AP-57 is a new type of multifunctional AMPs worthy further investigation.},
}

Amino Acid Sequence
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
Cell Line
Cell Line, Tumor
Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology
Conserved Sequence
DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
Humans
Molecular Sequence Data
Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Tissue Distribution
Tumor Suppressor Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism

@article {pmid22562451,
year = {2012},
author = {Yamamoto, Y and Shimada, K and Takeuchi, Y and Sofue, K and Shibamoto, K and Nara, S and Esaki, M and Sakamoto, Y and Kosuge, T and Hiraoka, N},
title = {Assessment of the interface between retroperitoneal fat infiltration of pancreatic ductal carcinoma and the major artery by multidetector-row computed tomography: surgical outcomes and correlation with histopathological extension.},
journal = {World journal of surgery},
volume = {36},
number = {9},
pages = {2192-2201},
pmid = {22562451},
issn = {1432-2323},
mesh = {Aged ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery ; Female ; Hepatic Artery/*diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat/*diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Male ; Mesenteric Arteries/*diagnostic imaging ; Mesenteric Veins/diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; *Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; Portal Vein/diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/secondary/surgery ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Precise assessment of retroperitoneal invasion is clinically important to allow the achievement of negative margin resections.

METHODS: The clinical records of 132 patients who underwent macroscopic curative pancreaticoduodenectomy for invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas between 2004 and 2008 were retrospectively examined. The clinicopathological factors, including retroperitoneal fat infiltration classified into four groups by multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT), were analyzed. The relationship between the grade of retroperitoneal fat infiltration and surgical outcomes, as well as various histopathological factors, was also investigated.

RESULTS: The 5 year survival rate was 55.6 % for grade 0 infiltration (n = 8), 38.7 % for grade 1 (n = 54), 16.4 % for grade 2 (n = 49), and 0 % for grade 3 (n = 21). There were significant differences in survival in each group. Extrapancreatic nerve invasion and the surgical margin status were significantly associated with retroperitoneal fat infiltration demonstrated on MDCT. According to the grading classification among the 43 patients with pathological portal vein invasion, the 5 year survival rate was 45.9 % for patients with grade 1, which was significantly better survival that those with grade 2 (P = 0.007).

CONCLUSION: The grading criteria for retroperitoneal fat infiltration may be useful as a predictor of survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head carcinoma. Pancreaticoduodenectomy with portal vein resection could provide favorable survival in patients with grade 1 retroperitoneal fat infiltration, even if histopathological portal vein invasion is present.},
}

Aged
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery
Female
Hepatic Artery/*diagnostic imaging
Humans
Intra-Abdominal Fat/*diagnostic imaging/pathology
Male
Mesenteric Arteries/*diagnostic imaging
Mesenteric Veins/diagnostic imaging
Middle Aged
*Multidetector Computed Tomography
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Pancreatic Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/pathology/surgery
Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Portal Vein/diagnostic imaging
Retrospective Studies
Survival Analysis
Treatment Outcome
Vascular Neoplasms/*diagnostic imaging/secondary/surgery

@article {pmid19999196,
year = {2008},
author = {Naeem, M and Khan, N and Aman, Z and Nasir, A and Samad, A and Khattak, A},
title = {Pattern of breast cancer: experience at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar.},
journal = {Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {22-25},
pmid = {19999196},
issn = {1025-9589},
mesh = {Adult ; Age Distribution ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*pathology ; Female ; Hospitals, Teaching/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast Cancer is the commonest malignancy of females all over the world and second leading cause of death due to cancer among females. The aim of this Descriptive study was to see the various features of breast cancer in order to know the pattern of disease in the recent time. The study was conducted from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2007 in Surgical C Unit, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan.

METHODS: Study included all patients presenting to and admitted in Surgical C Unit LRH, with carcinoma of breast during the above mentioned period. Name, age, sex, other relevant data, history and examination findings and results of histopathology and other investigations were recorded.

RESULTS: Total of 46 patients was included in the study, out of which there were 46 female and 1 male patients. Most common age group was 40-49 years with 14 patients, followed by 50-59 years with 12 patients. Most common type of carcinoma was infiltrating ductal carcinoma with no specific features with 38 patients. Other types included 2 infiltrating ductal carcinomas of papillary type, 1 mucinous type and 1 medullary type; 3 invasive lobular carcinomas, and 1 mixed lobular and ductal carcinoma. The disease was left sided in 24 cases, right sided in 20 cases while it was bilateral in 2 cases. Upper outer quadrant of the breast was most commonly involved (n = 26). There were 2 cases of stage I, 16 stage II, 20 stage III and 08 cases of stage IV disease. There were 2 cases of grade I, 16 grade II, and 28 cases of grade III.

CONCLUSION: Carcinoma breast is still a common problem presenting at a young to middle age group with invasive ductal carcinoma being the commonest variant with a high grade and a late stage of presentation due to lack of screening and awareness programs.},
}

Adult
Age Distribution
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/*pathology
Female
Hospitals, Teaching/*statistics & numerical data
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Pakistan/epidemiology
Young Adult

@article {pmid18408445,
year = {2008},
author = {Sugie, T and Nagai, T and Ohgaki, K},
title = {[A case of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer responding to trastuzumab plus gemcitabine combination therapy].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {683-686},
pmid = {18408445},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology/*therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Deoxycytidine/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radiography ; Receptor, ErbB-2/*immunology/*metabolism ; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed ; Trastuzumab ; Gemcitabine ; },
abstract = {A 60-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with left thigh pain. She had undergone mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection for right breast cancer (T3N2M0) five years and two months earlier. The pathological diagnosis then was invasive ductal carcinoma with axillaryly mph node metastases. Hormone receptors and HER2 status were negative and positive (3+), respectively. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but bone metastases appeared 18 months after surgery. Although trastuzumab-combination chemotherapy with taxane and/or capecitabine was given, bone metastases in thoracic vertebra resulted in incomplete paralysis in both legs. She underwent thoraco-lumbar vertebral fixation 10 months before admission. A PET/CT revealed multiple bone metastases in the left femur as well as vertebrae, and CEA rose markedly. She received radiotherapy and trastuzumab monotherapy in addition to bisphosphonate. Temporarily, CEA decreased, but because recurrence nests were recognized in the supraclavicle and mediastinum after the eight-month treatment, trastuzumab monotherapy was followed by trastuzumab plus vinorelbine combined therapy. This regimen markedly reduced CEA after three months, but it rose again over the following three months. As S-1-combined therapy was not effective, trastuzumab+gemcitabine (1 g/week and two weeks on/one week off) combined therapy was started. CEA decreased markedly after 4 cycles, and FDG accumulation in the recurrence region was markedly improved. The adverse event during this treatment was minor, and PS was sufficiently maintained. These results suggest that trastuzumab plus gemcitabine combination therapy is effective for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.},
}

Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology/*therapeutic use
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*immunology/metabolism/pathology
Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood
Combined Modality Therapy
Deoxycytidine/*analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
Female
Humans
Immunotherapy
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Metastasis/diagnostic imaging/pathology
Positron-Emission Tomography
Radiography
Receptor, ErbB-2/*immunology/*metabolism
Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed
Trastuzumab
Gemcitabine

@article {pmid16264937,
year = {2005},
author = {Katz, MS and Schapira, L and Harisinghani, MG and Hughes, KS},
title = {Palpable right breast mass in a pregnant woman.},
journal = {Nature clinical practice. Oncology},
volume = {2},
number = {4},
pages = {218-21; quiz 1 p following 222},
doi = {10.1038/ncponc0135},
pmid = {16264937},
issn = {1743-4254},
mesh = {Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/*pathology/therapy ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/*secondary/therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mastectomy ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/*pathology/therapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A 29-year-old female presented with a palpable right breast mass at a 12-week prenatal visit. She had no family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Ultrasound revealed a 3 cm lobulated mass, which was confirmed to be malignant by a core biopsy. Postmastectomy pathology at 15 weeks' gestation demonstrated this mass to be a stage T2N0M0 high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma with 0/20 axillary nodes involved. A staging CT scan postpartum showed an enlarged right internal mammary lymph node, confirmed by MRI as suspicious for malignancy.

INVESTIGATIONS: Physical examination, breast ultrasound, core biopsy, mastectomy, CT scan, MRI.

DIAGNOSIS: Pregnancy-associated breast carcinoma.

MANAGEMENT: Mastectomy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.},
}

Adult
Breast Neoplasms/*pathology/therapy
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/*secondary/therapy
Combined Modality Therapy
Diagnosis, Differential
Female
Gestational Age
Humans
Lymphatic Metastasis
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Mastectomy
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic/*pathology/therapy
Tomography, X-Ray Computed

@article {pmid15995634,
year = {2005},
author = {Tokatli, F and Altaner, S and Uzal, C and Ture, M and Kocak, Z and Uygun, K and Bilgi, S},
title = {Association of HER-2/neu overexpression with the number of involved axillary lymph nodes in hormone receptor positive breast cancer patients.},
journal = {Experimental oncology},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {145-149},
pmid = {15995634},
issn = {1812-9269},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Axilla ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/*metabolism/secondary ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Lymph Nodes/*metabolism/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2/*metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Survival Rate ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism ; },
abstract = {AIM: To evaluate the prognostic significance of HER-2/neu overexpression in hormone receptor and axillary lymph node positive breast cancer patients treated in a single institution.

METHODS: Paraffin-embedded primary breast cancers from 40 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma were studied immunohistochemically. HER-2/neu staining was classified as negative (0, 1+), weak/moderate positive (2+), or moderate/strong positive (3+) and was assessed for effectiveness as a predictor of outcome in univariate and Cox model multivariate analyses.

RESULTS: 20% of patients were positive for HER-2/neu. Significant associations were observed between HER-2/neu and increasing number of involved nodes (p = 0.014), p53 positivity (p = 0.039), the presence of vascular invasion (p = 0.029) and metastases (p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HER-2/neu overexpression (p = 0.016) and age (p = 0.005) were independent predictors for disease-free survival (DFS) where the number of involved nodes (p = 0.032) was shown to be independent predictor for overall survival. In the HER-2/neu positively stained tumors, significant number of patients developed distant metastases than the patients with HER-2/neu negatively stained tumors (87.5% vs 34.4%, p = 0.01).

CONCLUSION: For node positive patients, HER-2/neu overexpression was a significant predictor of DFS.},
}

Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Axilla
Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/*metabolism/secondary
Female
*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Lymph Nodes/*metabolism/pathology
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Prognosis
Receptor, ErbB-2/*metabolism
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Survival Rate
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism

@article {pmid10939434,
year = {2000},
author = {Rokutanda, N and Iino, Y and Yokoe, T and Maemura, M and Horiguchi, J and Takei, H and Koibuchi, Y and Iijima, K and Oyama, T and Morishita, Y},
title = {Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast during lactation: a case report.},
journal = {Japanese journal of clinical oncology},
volume = {30},
number = {6},
pages = {279-282},
doi = {10.1093/jjco/hyd069},
pmid = {10939434},
issn = {0368-2811},
mesh = {Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/*etiology/pathology/physiopathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*etiology/physiopathology/secondary ; Female ; Humans ; *Lactation ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; },
abstract = {A case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast during lactation is reported. The patient was a 32-year-old woman, in post-partum lactating 18 months after delivery, who was referred to our hospital following detection of a lump in her left breast during physical examination in mass screening for breast cancer. The tumor, palpated in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast, was firm, well-defined and 2.8 x 2.6 cm in size. Ultrasonograms identified an irregular-shaped hypoechoic lesion and mammograms revealed a well-defined, circumscribed tumor. Based on these findings, breast cancer was suspected and an excisional biopsy was performed. The resected specimen was a firm, solid and circumscribed tumor with central hemorrhage. Microscopic findings demonstrated that the tumor consisted of an invasive ductal carcinoma with marked squamous metaplasia, such as keratinization and squamo-columnar junction. Breast-conserving surgery was performed and no lymph node involvement was noted. Both estrogen and progesterone receptors of the tumor were negative. Generally, the size of both squamous cell carcinoma and carcinoma during the lactation period tends to be larger than ordinary carcinomas. In this case, the cancerous lesion was detected at a relatively early stage. Although the cancerous lesion was detected at a relatively early stage and no lymph node involvement was noted, lung metastases occurred within 12 months of the surgery. Malignant potential is generally considered to be high in cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the breast with lactation and thus intensive treatment potentially resulting in severe side effects was considered to be necessary for this patient.},
}

Adult
Breast Neoplasms/*etiology/pathology/physiopathology
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*etiology/physiopathology/secondary
Female
Humans
*Lactation
Lung Neoplasms/secondary

@article {pmid6548366,
year = {1984},
author = {Shousha, S and James, AH and Fernandez, MD and Bull, TB},
title = {Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine},
volume = {108},
number = {11},
pages = {893-896},
pmid = {6548366},
issn = {0003-9985},
mesh = {Adult ; Breast Neoplasms/immunology/metabolism/pathology/*ultrastructure ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism/pathology/*ultrastructure ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mucins/metabolism ; },
abstract = {We saw two cases of pure squamous cell carcinoma of the breast, one of which is associated with dermatomyositis. Electron microscopy of appropriately fixed tissue obtained from one tumor confirmed the squamous nature of the polyhedral and spindle-shaped tumor cells. One tumor was assayed for estrogen and progesterone receptor proteins and was found to be lacking both. Test results for mucin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were negative in both tumors. In contrast, a similarly examined case of invasive ductal carcinoma with areas of squamous metaplasia had slightly elevated concentrations of estrogen and progesterone receptor proteins, and test results for mucin and CEA were positive.},
}

Adult
Breast Neoplasms/immunology/metabolism/pathology/*ultrastructure
Carcinoembryonic Antigen/analysis
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism/pathology/*ultrastructure
Female
Humans
Middle Aged
Mucins/metabolism

@article {pmid40809963,
year = {2025},
author = {Bellesini, JA and Foo, KY and Li, J and Sanderson, RW and Zilkens, R and Gale, L and Hardie, M and Hamza, S and Rijhumal, A and Saunders, CM and Kennedy, BF},
title = {Three-dimensional dynamic optical coherence tomography for breast tumor margin assessment.},
journal = {Biomedical optics express},
volume = {16},
number = {8},
pages = {3061-3074},
pmid = {40809963},
issn = {2156-7085},
abstract = {Intraoperative margin assessment techniques are needed to reduce the re-excision rate in breast-conserving surgery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique capable of rapid three-dimensional (3-D) imaging of the internal microstructure of tissues. However, there is often low contrast between morphological features in breast tissue. Dynamic OCT (d-OCT), which provides additional contrast derived from the temporal variance of the OCT signal caused by intrinsic motion within the tissue, may provide a solution. However, few studies have applied it to breast tumor margin assessment. In this study, we acquired 3-D d-OCT images of ten human mastectomy specimens and three wide local excisions from breast-conserving surgery (BCS) procedures and, in each case, performed co-registered histology for validation. To optimize the trade-off between spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and acquisition time, we considered a range of acquisition settings. Several methods for visualizing d-OCT images were investigated, including Fourier weighted mean frequency, Fourier power spectral analysis, using red-green-blue (RGB) and hue-saturation-value (HSV) color spaces, and phase variance. We present d-OCT images of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), and show that the contrast between malignant and benign regions is consistently higher with d-OCT than using OCT intensity alone. The improved contrast may derive from increased proliferation rates and collagen deposition in cancerous tissue compared to benign tissue. We believe that our results demonstrate that d-OCT has the potential to improve intraoperative tumor margin assessment during breast-conserving surgery.},
}

@article {pmid40809661,
year = {2025},
author = {Vulasala, SR and Louviere, CD and Navarro, F and Adler, GA and Gopireddy, DR and Hatch, P and Abu Hana, R},
title = {Systemic Sarcoidosis Mimicking Metastatic Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e87860},
pmid = {40809661},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous inflammatory disorder of uncertain etiology that can closely mimic metastatic malignancies, particularly when it presents with multi-organ involvement. In patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cancer, to avoid misdiagnosis and subsequent inappropriate treatment, distinguishing between sarcoidosis and metastatic disease is essential. Histologic confirmation through tissue sampling and correlation with tumor markers are critical tools in this process. We report a case of a 36-year-old female with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast who presented with suspicious findings that indicated metastatic disease involving her lungs, liver, and bones. However, tumor marker levels and histopathology revealed systemic sarcoidosis, not metastatic spread.},
}

@article {pmid40789889,
year = {2025},
author = {Pintican, R and Duma, MM and Spada, AM and Szep, M and Eniu, D and Chiorean, A},
title = {COVID-19 pandemic resulted in more metastatic breast cancer cases at diagnosis.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {29296},
pmid = {40789889},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Adult ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pandemics ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; },
abstract = {The study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer diagnosis, tumor characteristics, and staging in an Eastern-European country. This retrospective study included 11,635 breast cancer patients and clients presenting between March 2019 and March 2022. Patients were categorized into pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic groups. Data included age, sex, pathology, tumor characteristics (histologic type, grade, ER/PR/HER2 status), and TNM staging. Statistical analysis compared these parameters across the three-time intervals.During the pandemic, breast cancer diagnosis decreased significantly compared to the pre-pandemic period (9.1% vs. 13.17%, p < 0.001) but increased post-pandemic (11%, p = 0.013). Invasive ductal carcinoma of non-special type (IDC-NST) was predominant in all three-time periods. Aggressive tumors (Nottingham grade 3, ER negative) increased during the pandemic and post-pandemic times. Molecular subtypes showed variations across time intervals, with triple-negative tumors rising significantly. Larger tumors, increased lymph node involvement (9-19%), and distant metastasis characterized the pandemic and post-pandemic periods. Compared to pre-pandemic patients, post-pandemic ones were 7 times more likely to be metastatic at diagnosis (p < 0.05). The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant decrease in breast cancer diagnosis, particularly during the pandemic period. Tumors appeared more aggressive, with higher lymph node and distant metastatic involvement. The long-term prognosis and healthcare cost implications remain uncertain. These findings emphasize the need for adapted cancer screening programs and healthcare system readiness during pandemics.COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a lower detection rate among patients diagnosed with breast cancer and increased TNM stage.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/virology
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Aged
Adult
SARS-CoV-2
Neoplasm Staging
Pandemics
Neoplasm Metastasis

@article {pmid40787784,
year = {2025},
author = {Köker, SC and Tsokanos, FF and El-Merahbi, R and Jha, AK and Cicatelli, K and Weber, P and Mhamane, A and Kaltenecker, D and Morigny, P and Loft, A and Klepac, K and Maida, A and Molocea, CE and Hass, D and Vogl, ES and Alfaro, AJ and Sun, W and Zitzelsberger, H and Unger, K and Szendrödi, J and Li, Y and Diaz, MB and Wolfrum, C and Bartelt, A and Herzig, S and Georgiadi, A},
title = {The TBLR1/TBL1 Co-Factor Complex Acts as a Transcriptional Checkpoint in the Brown Adipose Tissue Response to Prolonged Cold Exposure.},
journal = {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology},
volume = {39},
number = {15},
pages = {e70886},
pmid = {40787784},
issn = {1530-6860},
support = {450149205-TRR333/1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)/ ; //Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK)/ ; J4224-B34//Austrian Science Fund (FWF)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism ; Mice ; *Cold Temperature ; Thermogenesis/physiology ; *Transducin/metabolism/genetics ; Histone Deacetylases/metabolism/genetics ; Energy Metabolism ; Male ; *Nuclear Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Lipolysis ; Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism ; Mice, Knockout ; *Transcription, Genetic ; },
abstract = {Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a key thermogenic organ, whose activation in response to cold environmental temperatures and β-adrenergic stimulation requires the proper function of the NCOR/HDAC3 corepressor complex in brown adipocytes. The NCOR/HDAC3 complex is large and multi-component, including the transducin beta-like 1 (TBL1) and TBL1-related 1 (TBLR1) proteins. Loss of TBL1 in the hepatocytes and TBLR1 in the white adipocytes has been shown to impair fasting- and β-adrenergic-induced lipolysis. However, their roles in BAT thermogenesis remain unknown. Here, we report that deletion of TBLR1 alone in brown adipocytes does not impair the adaptive thermogenic response to prolonged cold exposure. In contrast, simultaneous deletion of TBL1 and TBLR1 dampens β-adrenergic-induced lipolysis and mitochondrial respiration in cultured mouse brown adipocytes. Transgenic mice with UCP1-Cre mediated double deletion of TBLR1 and TBL1 exhibit reduced whole-body energy expenditure during prolonged cold exposure, lower core body temperature, increased appearance of unilocular adipocytes in BAT, and suppressed expression of metabolic and myogenic PRDM16 target genes. Also, we present some evidence that TBLR1 and TBL1 interact with HDAC3 and PRDM16 in brown adipocytes, potentially suggesting a direct involvement in the PRDM16-controlled transcriptional program. These findings identify the TBLR1/TBL1 complex as a critical regulator of BAT adaptation to prolonged cold and systemic energy homeostasis, shedding light on the context-dependent functions of corepressor complexes.},
}

Animals
*Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
Mice
*Cold Temperature
Thermogenesis/physiology
*Transducin/metabolism/genetics
Histone Deacetylases/metabolism/genetics
Energy Metabolism
Male
*Nuclear Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Mice, Transgenic
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Lipolysis
Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
Mice, Knockout
*Transcription, Genetic

@article {pmid40761960,
year = {2025},
author = {Rios Herrera, O and De La Torre, M and Melnikau, S and Bogati, N and Debebe, K and Melhem, A and Johnson, RW and Pagé, J and Zamaro, A and Raeburn, T},
title = {Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection of the Breast: A Unique Presentation of Underlying Invasive Breast Cancer.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {7},
pages = {e87310},
pmid = {40761960},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are life-threatening infections that most commonly affect the extremities, perineum, and abdominal wall. These infections begin with the presence of toxin-producing bacteria that invade through a defect in the skin barrier, such as a wound, laceration, trauma, or recent surgical incision. These bacteria cause subsequent tissue destruction and necrosis that can involve the superficial skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and/or muscle. NSTIs can progress quickly, leading to severe sepsis, shock, and even death. NSTIs associated with the breast are an exceedingly rare occurrence, requiring early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention. In this article, we report the case of a 46-year-old woman with an NSTI of the left breast, which required serial debridement initially, and subsequently a modified radical mastectomy given a pathological diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma.},
}

@article {pmid40761476,
year = {2025},
author = {Takahashi, A and Fujiwara, S and Takahashi, Y and Isoda, M and Yasukawa, M and Goda, K and Yamanaka, T and Yamashita, T and Yuguchi, S},
title = {A Case of Drug-Induced Pancytopenia due to Tamoxifen.},
journal = {Surgical case reports},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {40761476},
issn = {2198-7793},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Tamoxifen (TAM) is a well-established treatment for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer with a known side-effect profile that includes hot flashes, genital bleeding, and diarrhea (0.1%-5%). Other notable side effects include liver damage, abnormal vaginal discharge, depression, dizziness, and headaches of unknown frequency. However, blood cell count reduction has not yet been reported as a side effect in Japan.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 46-year-old female patient was diagnosed with right breast cancer (cT1N0M0). The patient underwent partial right breast resection and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Owing to the positive surgical resection margin, a mastectomy was performed. Pathological analysis of the surgical specimen confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma (estrogen receptor [ER]: 95%, progesterone receptor [PgR]: 85%, HER2: 2+ [fluorescence in situ hybridization, FISH negative]), with macrometastasis in one sentinel lymph node. Postoperative treatment included chemotherapy (dose-dense adriamycin and cyclophosphamide [AC] to dose-dense paclitaxel [PTX]), irradiation, and TAM. While initial blood test results before starting TAM showed mild anemia (Hb: 8.9 g/dL Grade 2), a follow-up blood test 5 months after initiating TAM revealed a significant decrease in blood cell counts (white blood cell [WBC]: 2600/μL Grade 2, neutrophil [neu]: 0.55 × 10³/μL Grade 3, Hb: 7.7 g/dL Grade 2, platelet [PLT]: 13.3 × 10⁴/μL). Considering the onset of symptoms following TAM administration, drug-induced pancytopenia was suspected. TAM and its concomitant medication pregabalin were discontinued. However, the blood cell counts continued to decline, necessitating further investigation. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was suspected, leading to multiple bone marrow biopsies. However, no definitive hematological disorder was diagnosed. The patient received transfusions and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) injections based on the blood cell count. Approximately 4 months after the onset of neutropenia, gradual recovery was observed and spontaneous remission occurred. Given the rarity of spontaneous recovery from MDS, TAM is considered a potential causative agent of the observed decline in blood cell counts.

CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of suspected drug-induced cytopenia associated with tamoxifen administration.},
}

@article {pmid40754350,
year = {2025},
author = {Represa, M and Lima, O and Ávila, M and Rubiñán, P and Torres, C and Sansón-León, S and Lugo, J and Álvarez-Fernández, M and Rubianes, M and Legarra, JJ and Pérez-Rodríguez, MT},
title = {Impact of infectious diseases consultation and oral sequential therapy in the management of post-surgical mediastinitis.},
journal = {Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.)},
volume = {43},
number = {7},
pages = {383-388},
doi = {10.1016/j.eimce.2025.06.005},
pmid = {40754350},
issn = {2529-993X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mediastinitis/drug therapy/microbiology/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; *Referral and Consultation ; *Postoperative Complications/drug therapy/microbiology ; Administration, Oral ; *Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Post-cardiac surgery mediastinitis (PSM) is a serious, complex, and multifactorial complication of surgical procedures. Infectious diseases consultation (IDC) has demonstrated improvement in other complex infectious diseases. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of IDC in the management and outcome of patients with PSM.

METHODS: Observational retrospective study, of adult patients with PSM between January 2010 and June 2021. After January 2016, IDC was performed in all the patients with PSM. The primary endpoint was clinical success, a composite variable of clinical cure, and absence of adverse events, or recurrence. Also, in-hospital stay, and clinical cure was evaluated in patients that received oral sequential therapy (OST).

RESULTS: A total of 84 patients with PSM were included, 48 pre-IDC and 36 in IDC period. No differences in clinical success were observed between the two periods (pre-IDC 60% vs, IDC 77%, p=0.104). During the IDC period the rate of adequate targeted antibiotic treatment was higher (pre-IDC 71% vs. IDC 94%, p=0.016). Gram-negative bacilli infections (pre-IDC 42% vs. IDC 78%, p=0.002) and polymicrobial infections (pre-IDC 37% vs. IDC 63%, p=0.004) increased in the IDC period. Multivariate analysis did not show any variable associated with clinical success. OST was similar in both periods, and a shorter in-hospital stay was observed in the patients who underwent OST (no-OST, 70 days vs. OST, 44 days, p=0.003).

CONCLUSIONS: IDC was related with a higher adequate targeted antimicrobial therapy. We observed that OST offers a promising strategy in the management of this infection.},
}

Humans
*Mediastinitis/drug therapy/microbiology/etiology
Retrospective Studies
Male
Female
Middle Aged
Aged
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
*Referral and Consultation
*Postoperative Complications/drug therapy/microbiology
Administration, Oral
*Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects
Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid40736024,
year = {2025},
author = {Fang, W and Kozai, Y and Acevedo, DS and Brodine, R and Gorrepati, HS and Arviso, N and Cote, P and Thompson, A and Gerdes, Z and Espinoza, A and Bergeron, N and Brownfield, A and Cheng, N},
title = {Cooperative CCL2/CCR2 and HGF/MET signaling enhances breast cancer growth and invasion associated with metabolic reprogramming.},
journal = {Cancer biology & therapy},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {2535824},
pmid = {40736024},
issn = {1555-8576},
support = {P30 CA168524/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA172764/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Chemokine CCL2/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; *Receptors, CCR2/metabolism/genetics ; Mice ; *Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism/genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Metabolic Reprogramming ; },
abstract = {With over 60,000 cases diagnosed in women annually, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the most common form of pre-invasive breast cancer in the US. Despite standardized therapy, under-treatment and over-treatment are prevailing concerns. By understanding the mechanisms regulating DCIS progression, we may develop tailored strategies to improve treatment. CCL2/CCR2 and HGF/MET signaling pathways are upregulated in breast cancers. Our studies indicate that these pathways cooperate to promote DCIS progression and metabolism. DCIS and IDC tissues were immunostained for CCL2 and HGF expression. DCIS.com and HCC1937 cells were analyzed for cell proliferation through PCNA immunostaining, apoptosis through cleaved caspase-3 immunostaining, and invasion through Matrigel transwell assays. AKT, AMPK, p42/44MAPK and PKC activities were analyzed in vitro through immunoblot and pharmacologic inhibition. CCL2 and HGF-mediated metabolism were analyzed by LC-MS. Glucose uptake and lactate production were measured biochemically. CCR2 and MET were targeted in breast xenografts through CCR2 knockout and treatment with Merestinib. Significant associations between CCL2 and HGF were detected in DCIS and IDC tissues. CCL2 and HGF co-treatment enhanced breast cancer cell growth, survival, and invasiveness over individual CCL2 or HGF treatment. These CCL2/HGF-mediated phenotypes were associated with metabolic changes including glycolysis and increased AKT, AMPK, p42/44MAPK and PKC signaling. CCL2/HGF-mediated glycolysis was reduced with AKT, AMPK and p42/44MAPK inhibition. CCR2 knockout combined with Merestinib treatment inhibited growth, survival, and stromal reactivity of breast xenografts more than CCR2 or MET targeting alone. CCL2/CCR2 and HGF/MET cooperate to enhance breast cancer progression and metabolic reprogramming.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Chemokine CCL2/metabolism/genetics
Animals
*Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/metabolism/genetics
Signal Transduction
*Receptors, CCR2/metabolism/genetics
Mice
*Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism/genetics
Cell Proliferation
Cell Line, Tumor
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Metabolic Reprogramming

@article {pmid40734184,
year = {2025},
author = {Bai, Y and Guo, X and Liu, K and Zheng, B and Wei, Y and Wang, Y and Zhang, W and Luo, Q and Yin, J and Wu, L and Li, Y and Zhang, Y and Chen, A and Wang, X and Xu, X and Liu, C and Jin, X},
title = {SpaSEG: unsupervised deep learning for multi-task analysis of spatially resolved transcriptomics.},
journal = {Genome biology},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {230},
pmid = {40734184},
issn = {1474-760X},
support = {2022YFC3400400//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Deep Learning ; *Gene Expression Profiling/methods ; *Transcriptome ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; *Unsupervised Machine Learning ; Female ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics ; },
abstract = {Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) for characterizing spatial cellular heterogeneities in tissue environments requires systematic analytical approaches to elucidate gene expression variations within their physiological context. Here, we introduce SpaSEG, an unsupervised deep learning model utilizing convolutional neural networks for multiple SRT analysis tasks. Extensive evaluations across diverse SRT datasets generated by various platforms demonstrate SpaSEG's superior robustness and efficiency compared to existing methods. In the application analysis of invasive ductal carcinoma, SpaSEG successfully unravels intratumoral heterogeneity and delivers insights into immunoregulatory mechanisms. These results highlight SpaSEG's substantial potential for exploring tissue architectures and pathological biology.},
}

Humans
*Deep Learning
*Gene Expression Profiling/methods
*Transcriptome
Breast Neoplasms/genetics
*Unsupervised Machine Learning
Female
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics

@article {pmid40727474,
year = {2025},
author = {Gu, W and Yuan, J and Dong, M and Sheng, J and Jiang, K},
title = {Case Report: Advanced breast invasive ductal carcinoma with erysipeloid cutaneous metastasis misdiagnosed as erysipelas.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1535421},
pmid = {40727474},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer has become the second most common cancer after lung cancer. Patients may present with skin manifestations at the time of initial diagnosis, while erysipel-like carcinoma typically appears later, following initial treatment. This delay increases the risk of misdiagnosis.

CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 51-year-old female. A modified radical mastectomy for left breast carcinoma (pT2N3M0, stage IIIC; tumor size 4.6 cm × 4.5 cm × 1.6 cm, 14/21 axillary lymph nodes involved), HER2-positive type, was performed on April 21, 2021. In April 2024 (three years post-surgery), the patient developed unexplained redness and swelling in the skin of the left upper limb, accompanied by increased skin temperature. This was misdiagnosed as erysipelas of the upper limb. After one week of antibiotic treatment, the redness and swelling slightly subsided. In May 2024, the patient experienced dizziness and headaches without any obvious cause. Enhanced cranial MRI revealed multiple brain metastases, with possible lymph node metastasis in the left cervical region. The patient underwent whole-brain radiotherapy. During radiotherapy, erysipelas-like rashes developed on the left chest wall, upper limb, and right breast skin. In June 2024, a skin biopsy of the chest wall confirmed cutaneous metastasis. Following systemic anti-tumor treatment, both the skin and brain metastasis improved.

CONCLUSION: Pathological biopsy should be emphasized when breast cancer patients develop localized rashes. Understanding the unique inflammatory manifestations of cutaneous metastasis is crucial for breast oncologists to enable early diagnosis, timely treatment, and improved overall survival.},
}

@article {pmid40693684,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, Y and Liu, J},
title = {Male Breast Cancer Complicated With Leukocytosis Resembling Leukemia Reaction After Chemotherapy: A Case Report.},
journal = {Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)},
volume = {8},
number = {7},
pages = {e70280},
pmid = {40693684},
issn = {2573-8348},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/drug therapy/pathology/complications ; *Leukocytosis/chemically induced/diagnosis/drug therapy ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology/surgery ; *Filgrastim/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; Polyethylene Glycols/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; *Leukemia/diagnosis/chemically induced ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Male breast cancer (MBC) accounts for less than 1% of all cancers in men, with invasive ductal carcinoma being the most common type. The chemotherapy regimens used for MBC are similar to those for female breast cancer. However, the incidence of chemotherapy-induced complications such as leukocytosis resembling leukemia reaction is not well documented in MBC. This case highlights a rare complication in an MBC patient, induced by prophylactic PEG-rhG-CSF following chemotherapy.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old male with left breast invasive ductal carcinoma underwent modified radical mastectomy. Postoperative pathology revealed high-risk features, and the patient received 8 cycles of chemotherapy with the ddAC-T regimen, followed by PEG-rhG-CSF for febrile neutropenia prevention. After the fifth chemotherapy cycle, the patient developed leukocytosis resembling leukemia reaction, characterized by a white blood cell count exceeding 50 × 10[9]/L, along with intermittent fever up to 42.5°C. The condition was attributed to the PEG-rhG-CSF administration, and the patient was treated with NSAIDs and dexamethasone. Leukocytosis resolved after adjusting the PEG-rhG-CSF dose.

CONCLUSION: Leukocytosis resembling leukemia reaction induced by PEG-rhG-CSF post-chemotherapy is a rare complication, particularly in MBC patients. This case underscores the importance of careful monitoring and differential diagnosis to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary interventions. Personalized treatment strategies and dose adjustments for PEG-rhG-CSF are crucial in managing this rare reaction, emphasizing the need for awareness and individualized care in MBC patients undergoing chemotherapy.},
}

Humans
Male
Middle Aged
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/drug therapy/pathology/complications
*Leukocytosis/chemically induced/diagnosis/drug therapy
*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
Diagnosis, Differential
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology/surgery
*Filgrastim/adverse effects/administration & dosage
Polyethylene Glycols/adverse effects/administration & dosage
Mastectomy, Modified Radical
*Leukemia/diagnosis/chemically induced
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/adverse effects

@article {pmid40690467,
year = {2025},
author = {Kretzmann, HG and Adeniyi, OV},
title = {Clinicopathological and molecular subtypes of breast cancer in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: A two-year retrospective study.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {7},
pages = {e0325387},
pmid = {40690467},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/epidemiology/classification/metabolism/genetics ; Adult ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the most frequent cause of cancer death in women in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The incidence of BC in Africa is on the rise, expected to double by 2050, primarily owing to late presentation and weak health infrastructure in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study addresses the lack of recent data on BC cases in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to describe the clinicopathological characteristics and molecular subtypes of BC and, in addition, to examine the association between the clinicopathological characteristics and the molecular subtypes of BC in a single tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.

METHODS: A two-year (2022-2023) retrospective cross-sectional clinical record review study was conducted on patients treated for invasive BC at a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The demographic, clinical and pathological characteristics and molecular subtypes were reported. Associations were investigated between the BC molecular subtypes identified and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients.

RESULTS: A total of 282 patients met the study's inclusion criteria. Most patients were female (98.6%) and African (88.1%). The mean age of the patients was 58.7 years, with BC most prevalent in the age group >70 (25.2%) and postmenopausal (77.4%). Breast lump was the most common presenting complaint (98.6%), with 61% of patients presenting three months after noticing the anomaly. The most common tumour size (59.4%) was > 5 cm (mean = 6.37 ± 3.6), with the most common clinical T stage being T4 (50.4%). Lymph node involvement was seen in 50.4% of cases. Patients mostly presented in Stages III and IV of the disease (60.1%). Invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) was the most common histopathological subtype (86.2%). Grade 2 (56.2%) and Grade 3 (29.5%) BC accounted for the majority of cases. Luminal B was found in 47.4% of cases, Luminal A in 28.5%, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in 18.6% and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) enriched in 5.5% of cases, respectively.

CONCLUSION: In our setting, most patients consulted at a late stage of the disease with a large tumour size, positive lymph node status and a high histological grade. Luminal B tumours are the most common molecular subtype. These results indicate the need for more intensive breast cancer awareness campaigns, early detection, and timely referral and treatment.},
}

Humans
Female
South Africa/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/epidemiology/classification/metabolism/genetics
Adult
Aged
Cross-Sectional Studies
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology/epidemiology

@article {pmid40679946,
year = {2025},
author = {Yıldırım, S and Mhamane, A and Lösch, S and Wieder, A and Ermis, E and König, AC and Yilmaz, S and Hauck, SM and Kocabas, F and Szendroedi, J and Herzig, S and Ekim, B},
title = {TSC22D1 is a newly identified inhibitor of insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells.},
journal = {The FEBS journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/febs.70194},
pmid = {40679946},
issn = {1742-4658},
support = {EK108-1/1//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft/ ; //Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)/ ; },
abstract = {The loss of pancreatic beta cell function leads to chronically high blood glucose levels, contributing to diabetes mellitus, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate beta cell function could pave the way for the development of more effective antidiabetic treatments. In this study, we identify the evolutionarily conserved transforming growth factor β-1 stimulated clone D1 (TSC22D1) protein as a previously unknown regulator of beta cell function. TSC22D1 depletion in INS-1E cells enhances the expression of key beta cell identity genes, including Ins1, Ins2, Pdx1, Slc2a2, and Nkx6.1, and promotes glucose-stimulated insulin secretion without altering intracellular insulin content. Mechanistically, TSC22D1 and Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) interact and regulate each other in a reciprocal manner to control beta cell function. Our follow-up interactome and RNA-Seq analyses reveal that TSC22D1 is crucial for glucose-responsive cellular processes in beta cells, including mRNA processing, ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis, and Golgi vesicle transport. Overall, our findings indicate that TSC22D1 plays a significant role in regulating beta cell function at multiple levels, with potential implications for metabolic diseases, such as diabetes.},
}

@article {pmid40679713,
year = {2025},
author = {Bae, SY and Kim, CW and Chin, J and Lee, JA and Kim, D and Lee, YJ and Yoon, CI and Park, WC},
title = {Clinical subtypes and prognosis of invasive breast cancer with Paget's disease: a SEER study.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {213},
number = {2},
pages = {281-289},
pmid = {40679713},
issn = {1573-7217},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Paget's Disease, Mammary/pathology/mortality/epidemiology/metabolism/genetics ; SEER Program ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/mortality/metabolism/epidemiology ; Prognosis ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism/genetics ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/mortality/metabolism ; Aged, 80 and over ; Adult ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Neoplasm Staging ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Paget's disease of the breast is rare but commonly associated with underlying carcinoma. Despite frequent HER2 overexpression, its clinical relevance in Paget's disease remains unclear. We evaluated the prognostic impact of ER and HER2 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with Paget's disease and assessed whether clinical subtypes affect survival outcomes.

METHODS: Using SEER 17 data, we identified patients with IDC and HER2 status available, diagnosed from 2010 onward. Two groups were analyzed: IDC with Paget's disease (ICD-O-3 code 8541/3, n = 1,000) and IDC alone (ICD-O-3 code 8500/3, n = 487,162).

RESULTS: Compared to IDC alone, patients with Paget's disease had lower ER (60.5% vs. 82.0%) and PR (45.5% vs. 71.7%) expression, and higher HER2 overexpression (52.5% vs. 15.4%) (all P < 0.001). The ER + HER2 - subtype was less common in the Paget's group (34.9% vs. 71.6%), while ER - HER2 + was more frequent (29.2% vs. 4.8%) (P < 0.001). Among ER + HER2 - and ER + HER2 + subtypes, those with Paget's disease had worse breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) than those with IDC alone (HR 1.519, 95% CI 1.074-2.149; HR 1.030, 95% CI 1.027-1.033, respectively). No BCSS differences were observed in ER - HER2 - and ER - HER2 + subtypes.

CONCLUSION: ER + HER2 - subtype in IDC with Paget's disease is linked to worse BCSS, differing from IDC alone. These findings suggest distinct tumor biology in IDC with Paget's disease, highlighting the need for subtype-specific management strategies.},
}

Humans
Female
*Paget's Disease, Mammary/pathology/mortality/epidemiology/metabolism/genetics
SEER Program
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/mortality/metabolism/epidemiology
Prognosis
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism/genetics
Aged
Middle Aged
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism/genetics
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/mortality/metabolism
Aged, 80 and over
Adult
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
Biomarkers, Tumor
Neoplasm Staging

@article {pmid40679712,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhan, H and Chan, NNN and Khaimova, R and Aung, TN and Gaule, P and Robbins, CJ and Rimm, DL},
title = {Quantitative assessment of HER2 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma and co-existing DCIS.},
journal = {Breast cancer research and treatment},
volume = {213},
number = {2},
pages = {273-279},
pmid = {40679712},
issn = {1573-7217},
support = {BCRF 23-138//Breast Cancer Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism/genetics ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Adult ; Immunohistochemistry ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Previous studies have demonstrated that ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) component often exhibits higher HER2 expression than the invasive component when assessed by immunohistochemistry, while some other studies showed concordant HER2 expression between these two components. In this study, we used our high-sensitivity HER2 (HS-HER2) quantitative immunofluorescence assay to compare HER2 expression in IDC and co-existing DCIS and correlate with clinicopathologic characteristics.

METHODS: We included 36 IDC + DCIS cases from the Yale Pathology department. DCIS was classified according to the three-tier nuclear grading system: low (grade 1), intermediate (grade 2), and high (grade 3) nuclear grade. Invasive carcinoma was graded according to the modified Bloom-Richardson histologic grading system. Cases were divided into two groups: low to intermediate-grade DCIS (G1-2) with co-existing invasive carcinoma (n = 26) and high-grade DCIS (G3) with co-existing invasive carcinoma (n = 10). Separate regions of interest for IDC and DCIS were annotated by two board-certified pathologists. Serial sections of FFPE tumor specimens were used to accurately measure the HER2 protein expression by the HS-HER2 assay in attomole/mm[2] unit and the acquisition by QuPath v.04 with the Qymia extension.

RESULTS: Low to intermediate-grade DCIS expressed higher HER2 levels (4295 ± 449 amol/mm[2]) than co-existing invasive carcinoma (2880 ± 413 amol/mm[2]). Similarly, high-grade DCIS expressed higher HER2 levels (4953 ± 700 amol/mm[2]) than co-existing invasive carcinoma (3560 ± 688 amol/mm[2]). Neither of these trends toward lower expression levels in the IDC were statistically significant. Additionally, no significant statistic difference was noted between low to intermediate-grade DCIS versus high-grade DCIS or between their corresponding co-existing invasive carcinomas in this cohort.

CONCLUSION: Using the HS-HER2 assay, our results demonstrated comparable HER2 expression levels in DCIS and paired invasive carcinoma regardless of histopathological grade or HER2 immunohistochemical score. These findings contributed to a more nuanced understanding of HER2 biology in early breast carcinogenesis and may inform future biomarker-driven therapeutic strategies.},
}

Humans
Female
*Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism/genetics
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
Aged
Neoplasm Grading
Adult
Immunohistochemistry

@article {pmid40644582,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, G and Liu, X and Si, Z and Wang, Z and Wang, X},
title = {A Scallop-shaped Photopenic Region in the Urinary Bladder Area on Tc-99m MDP Bone Scan Caused by a Uterine Cervical Leiomyoma.},
journal = {Clinical nuclear medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/RLU.0000000000006049},
pmid = {40644582},
issn = {1536-0229},
abstract = {A 46-year-old woman with right breast invasive ductal carcinoma and sternalgia underwent Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) whole-body bone scintigraphy, on which a scallop-shaped photopenic region in the urinary bladder area was found, besides increased radioactivity in the sternum region and both breasts. By reviewing a previous CT scan, a pelvic mass oppressing the right wall of the urinary bladder was noted, which was confirmed to be a rare uterine cervical leiomyoma by biopsy.},
}

@article {pmid40629116,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, R and Zhao, F and Yan, T and Li, Y and Cheng, D and Wang, W and Tian, C and Yu, H},
title = {Gallbladder metastasis in invasive ductal breast cancer with concurrent gallstones and gallbladder carcinoma.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {1287},
pmid = {40629116},
issn = {2730-6011},
support = {AHWJ2023A10015//2023 Health research project of Anhui Health Commission/ ; YZ2023H2A006//Anhui University of Science and Technology 2023 medical special cultivation project/ ; NO. 2023AH040405//Scientific research project (Natural science) of Anhui University/ ; NO.2023szsfkc069//2023 Provincial new era education quality engineering (graduate education) project/ ; },
abstract = {The gallbladder is an uncommon location for tumor metastases. Breast cancer seldom spreads to the gallbladder, although melanoma and renal cell tumors typically do. We report a case of a 58-year-old woman with chronic cholecystitis caused by gallstones. Following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a nodule was discovered on the gallbladder wall. Based on her medical history and pathological tissue molecular typing, the diagnosis was determined to be gallbladder metastasis of invasive breast ductal carcinoma, with a negative hormone receptor. Two years prior, the patient had undergone a modified radical mastectomy for left breast cancer. The postoperative pathology revealed grade III invasive ductal carcinoma, pT2N1M0, and a negative hormone receptor. This case report highlights the rare occurrence of invasive breast ductal carcinoma metastasizing to the gallbladder.},
}

@article {pmid40604374,
year = {2025},
author = {Pardo, J and Capdevila-Lacasa, C and Segura, B and Pané, A and Moreno, PJ and Garrabou, G and Grau-Junyent, JM and Junqué, C and , },
title = {Diffusivity alterations related to cognitive performance and phenylalanine levels in early-treated adults with phenylketonuria.},
journal = {Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {37},
pmid = {40604374},
issn = {1866-1955},
mesh = {Humans ; *Phenylketonurias/blood/diagnostic imaging/psychology/diet therapy/pathology/complications ; *Phenylalanine/blood ; Adult ; Male ; Female ; Diffusion Tensor Imaging ; *White Matter/diagnostic imaging/pathology ; *Cognition/physiology ; Young Adult ; *Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Neuropsychological Tests ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Altered white matter (WM) is consistently reported in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). However, the knowledge about WM microstructural integrity in early-treated adults with classical PKU and its relationship with cognition and metabolic parameters is inconclusive. This study aims to explore the cerebral WM microstructural alterations in adult patients with early-treated classical PKU and their association with blood phenylalanine (Phe) levels and neuropsychological performance using whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

METHODS: Twenty-nine patients with early-treated classical PKU (mean age = 30.86, SD = 7.74) and 31 healthy controls (mean age = 32.45, SD = 9.40) underwent neuropsychological assessment and MRI. Phe dry blood spot (DBS-Phe) samples, along with venous Phe levels, were collected from the PKU sample to calculate the index of dietary control (IDC). Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) of the mean diffusivity (MD), and fractional anisotropy (FA), were carried out with FSL v6.0.4 to assess between-group differences and to explore associations with both cognitive and clinical data.

RESULTS: Patients exhibited a widespread white matter tract involvement, with lower MD and higher FA values compared to controls. The most affected tracts were the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus for MD, and the anterior corona radiata, uncinate fasciculus and forceps minor for FA. MD negatively correlated with IDC and venous Phe levels, whereas FA negatively correlated with full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) (p-value ≤0.05 FWE-corrected).

CONCLUSIONS: Microstructural WM alterations were present in adults with early-treated classical PKU, and these abnormalities were related to global intelligence and metabolic control markers. Although our results suggest the importance of proper disease management, further studies are needed to determine its long-term relevance.},
}

Humans
*Phenylketonurias/blood/diagnostic imaging/psychology/diet therapy/pathology/complications
*Phenylalanine/blood
Adult
Male
Female
Diffusion Tensor Imaging
*White Matter/diagnostic imaging/pathology
*Cognition/physiology
Young Adult
*Brain/diagnostic imaging
Neuropsychological Tests

@article {pmid40597443,
year = {2025},
author = {Bullock, E and Rozyczko, A and Shabbir, S and Tsoupi, I and Young, AIJ and Travnickova, J and Gómez-Cuadrado, L and Mabruk, Z and Carrasco, G and Morrow, E and Pennel, K and Kloosterman, P and Houthuijzen, JM and Jonkers, J and Avalle, L and Poli, V and Iggo, R and Xiao, X and Guo, J and Zhu, X and Mallon, E and Edwards, J and Patton, EE and Brunton, VG},
title = {Cancer-associated fibroblast driven paracrine IL-6/STAT3 signaling promotes migration and dissemination in invasive lobular carcinoma.},
journal = {Breast cancer research : BCR},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {121},
pmid = {40597443},
issn = {1465-542X},
support = {Pakistan-Programme 2020-2024//Punjab Educational Endowment Funds/ ; MC_UU_00035/13/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; C157/A24837/CRUK_/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom ; NO. 2022YFS0601//Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Support Program/ ; 68730/MRA/Melanoma Research Alliance/United States ; S3181//NHS Lothian Charity/ ; /WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {*STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism/genetics ; *Interleukin-6/metabolism/genetics ; Humans ; Animals ; Female ; Mice ; Cell Movement ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/metabolism/genetics ; *Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism/pathology ; Zebrafish ; Signal Transduction ; Paracrine Communication ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the second most common histological subtype of breast cancer after invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (NST), accounting for 10-15% of diagnoses. Despite the myriad molecular, histological and clinical differences between ILC and NST tumors, patients are treated in the same way, and although prognosis initially is good, ILC patients have poorer long-term outcomes. Understanding the differences between these two subtypes and identifying ILC-enriched therapeutic targets is necessary to improve patient care.

METHODS: Human and mouse cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), ILC cell lines and patient-derived organoids were used for in vitro and in vivo studies, including western blotting, migration, organotypic invasion assays and dissemination in zebrafish embryos. RNASeq was used to identify CAF and interleukin-6 (IL-6)-derived gene signatures. Bioinformatic analysis of public databases and immunohistochemical of human tumor microarrays was carried out.

RESULTS: We identified IL-6 as a paracrine CAF-derived factor that activates Signal-Transducer-and-Activator-of-Transcription-3 (STAT3) in human and mouse ILC models. Analysis of human breast tumors showed that the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway is enriched in ER + ILC compared to ER + NST. A 42-gene CAF dependent IL-6 gene signature and 64-gene consensus IL-6 gene signature were generated and were significantly enriched in ER + ILC, with many of the genes overexpressed in ILC tumors. IL-6 treatment suppressed downstream estrogen signaling and also led to the acquisition of a more mesenchymal-like phenotype associated with increased migration and invasion. Finally, IL-6 treatment significantly increased ILC cell dissemination following injection into zebrafish embryos.

CONCLUSIONS: CAF-derived IL-6 drives paracrine activation of the IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway which is enriched in ILC. This leads to the acquisition of pro-tumorigenic phenotypes, highlighting the pathway as a potential therapeutic target in ILC.},
}

*STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism/genetics
*Interleukin-6/metabolism/genetics
Humans
Animals
Female
Mice
Cell Movement
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/metabolism/genetics
*Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts/metabolism/pathology
Zebrafish
Signal Transduction
Paracrine Communication
Cell Line, Tumor
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

@article {pmid40595592,
year = {2025},
author = {Mello, RM and Gomez Ceballos, D and Sandate, CR and Wang, S and Jouffe, C and Agudelo, D and Uhlenhaut, NH and Thomä, NH and Simon, MC and Lamia, KA},
title = {BMAL1 and ARNT enable circadian HIF2α responses in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {5834},
pmid = {40595592},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {UL1TR002550//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)/ ; CA271500//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; R01 CA211187/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R01 CA271500/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; 450149205//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; UL1 TR002550/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; DK136780//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases)/ ; CA211187//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)/ ; },
mesh = {*ARNTL Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics ; *Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy ; Humans ; *Kidney Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy ; *Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/metabolism/genetics ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; *Circadian Rhythm/genetics ; Mice ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Female ; },
abstract = {Circadian disruption enhances cancer risk, and many tumors exhibit disordered circadian gene expression. We show rhythmic gene expression is unexpectedly robust in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The core circadian transcription factor BMAL1 is closely related to ARNT, and we show that BMAL1-HIF2α regulates a subset of HIF2α target genes in ccRCC cells. Depletion of BMAL1 selectively reduces HIF2α chromatin association and target gene expression and reduces ccRCC growth in culture and in xenografts. Analysis of pre-existing data reveals higher BMAL1 in patient-derived xenografts that are sensitive to growth suppression by a HIF2α antagonist (PT2399). BMAL1-HIF2α is more sensitive than ARNT-HIF2α is to suppression by PT2399, and the effectiveness of PT2399 for suppressing xenograft tumor growth in vivo depends on the time of day at which it is delivered. Together, these findings indicate that an alternate HIF2α heterodimer containing the circadian partner BMAL1 influences HIF2α activity, growth, and sensitivity to HIF2α antagonist drugs in ccRCC cells.},
}

*ARNTL Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics
*Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism/genetics/antagonists & inhibitors
*Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy
Humans
*Kidney Neoplasms/genetics/metabolism/pathology/drug therapy
*Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator/metabolism/genetics
Animals
Cell Line, Tumor
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
*Circadian Rhythm/genetics
Mice
Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Cell Proliferation/drug effects
Female

@article {pmid40589310,
year = {2025},
author = {Shan, M and Chen, L and Wang, J and Wen, L},
title = {Dual-Channel Off-Axis Ion Funnel With a Deflection Electrode.},
journal = {Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM},
volume = {39},
number = {20},
pages = {e10103},
doi = {10.1002/rcm.10103},
pmid = {40589310},
issn = {1097-0231},
support = {2023ZY01073//Ministry of Industry and Information Technology/ ; 2022S012//Public welfare project in Ningbo/ ; 2024S002//Public welfare project in Ningbo/ ; 2021Z055//Major projects in Ningbo/ ; //K.C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University/ ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE: In electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) systems, two critical challenges persist: (1) under-expanded supersonic jets at the atmospheric pressure interface (API) cause ion losses and reduced transmission efficiency; (2) residual solvents and charged droplets entering vacuum stages lead to contamination and elevated chemical noise, degrading analysis accuracy.

METHODS: A dual-channel off-axis ion funnel with a deflection electrode (DC-OFIDE) was developed to address these challenges. This device integrates three core components: an ion drift channel (IDC), an ion funnel channel (IFC), and a deflection electrode. The IDC and IFC are separated by conjoined gaps. Ions within the gas stream emanating from the API are extracted from the IDC via a deflection field, while a retarding axial field prolongs ions' residence time, ensuring efficient transfer to the IFC. This DC-OFIDE features an enlarged entrance aperture (Φ18 mm) to accommodate a multi-capillary interface, enhancing compatibility with high-conductance sample introduction systems.

RESULTS: Compared with the original conventional ion funnel (CIF), the DC-OFIDE achieved a threefold enhancement in caffeine ion intensity and a broader m/z transmission window. It demonstrated robust neutral and droplet suppression, maintaining 80% ion intensity even under tripled serum volume infused. In drug screening of hair samples, baseline noises in drug ion peaks were reduced by 36%-82%, with a quadrupled signal-to-noise ratio improvement observed for 6-monoacetylmorphine.

CONCLUSIONS: This DC-OFIDE significantly enhances ion transmission efficiency and chemical noise suppression in ESI-MS, establishing its potential for high-fidelity analysis of complex samples.},
}

@article {pmid40585989,
year = {2025},
author = {Song, W and Wang, J and Gong, S and Wang, X and Xu, J and Wu, R and Jiang, Z and Zhang, H and Wu, L and Wang, Y and Su, Y and Wang, H and Gu, Y},
title = {FAK signaling suppression by OCT4-ITGA6 mediates the effectively removal of residual pluripotent stem cells and enhances application safety.},
journal = {Theranostics},
volume = {15},
number = {14},
pages = {7127-7153},
pmid = {40585989},
issn = {1838-7640},
mesh = {Animals ; *Octamer Transcription Factor-3/metabolism/genetics ; Mice ; *Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism/cytology ; Signal Transduction ; Humans ; Cell Differentiation ; Coculture Techniques ; Teratoma/pathology ; *Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Rationale: Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) serve as a critical source of seed cells for regenerative therapies due to their unlimited proliferative capacity and ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. Despite their potential, the risk of teratoma formation caused by residual PSCs within differentiated cell populations poses a significant barrier to clinical applications. This study aims to develop a novel strategy to selectively remove residual PSCs while preserving the safety and functionality of PSC-derived differentiated cells (iDCs). Methods: The calcium- and magnesium-free balanced salt solution (BSS(Ca-Mg-)) was employed to selectively target PSCs in a co-culture system comprising PSCs and four types of iDCs. The effect of BSS(Ca-Mg-) treatment on teratoma formation was evaluated in immunodeficient mice following cell transplantation. Comparative analysis and gene knockdown experiments were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the differential response of PSCs and iDCs to BSS(Ca-Mg-), focusing on FAK signaling and its interaction with OCT4 and ITGA6. Results: The BSS(Ca-Mg-) treatment effectively induced the detachment of PSCs in the co-culture system without disrupting iDC adhesion. In vivo experiments confirmed that cells treated with BSS(Ca-Mg-) did not form teratomas upon implantation into immunodeficient mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that PSCs exhibit lower activation of FAK signaling compared to iDCs, contributing to their selective detachment. Additionally, OCT4 and ITGA6 were found to maintain each other's protein expression, forming a feedback loop that suppressed FAK signaling, while FAK suppression further enhanced OCT4 expression. Conclusions: The study presents a safe, effective, and cost-efficient method for the selective removal of residual PSCs. This approach enhances existing safety measures for iDC applications, improving the clinical feasibility of iDC-based cell therapies.},
}

Animals
*Octamer Transcription Factor-3/metabolism/genetics
Mice
*Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism/cytology
Signal Transduction
Humans
Cell Differentiation
Coculture Techniques
Teratoma/pathology
*Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/metabolism

@article {pmid40578985,
year = {2025},
author = {Woo, HY and Jung, YY and Kim, HS},
title = {Metastatic Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma Involving Tamoxifen-related Endometrial Polyp in a Patient With Metachronous Bilateral Breast Carcinomas: A Case Report.},
journal = {In vivo (Athens, Greece)},
volume = {39},
number = {4},
pages = {2456-2463},
pmid = {40578985},
issn = {1791-7549},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Tamoxifen/adverse effects/therapeutic use ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; Adult ; *Polyps/pathology/diagnosis/chemically induced ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis ; *Endometrial Neoplasms/secondary/diagnosis/pathology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects ; *Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND/AIM: Metastasis of extragenital malignancies to the female genital tract, particularly the uterus, is exceedingly rare. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is the most common histological type of breast carcinoma that metastasizes to gynecologic organs.

CASE REPORT: A 42-year-old woman receiving tamoxifen presented with an irregularly thickened endometrium on transvaginal ultrasonography. She had previously undergone bilateral partial mastectomies - eight years prior for right-sided invasive ductal carcinoma, and three years prior for left-sided ILC. Hysteroscopic evaluation revealed an endometrial polyp. Microscopic examination of the polypectomy specimen showed variably sized, irregularly shaped branching glands embedded in densely fibrotic stroma. Within the stroma, monomorphic tumor cells with hyperchromatic, eccentrically located nuclei were arranged in single files, thin cords, or nests. Immunostaining revealed that the tumor cells were positive for GATA-binding protein 3 and negative for paired box 8, supporting a diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma from the breast. The final pathological diagnosis was metastatic ILC involving a tamoxifen-associated endometrial polyp.

CONCLUSION: Although rare, breast carcinoma may metastasize to endometrial polyps. Clinicians and pathologists should consider this possibility when evaluating abnormal ultrasonographic findings in the female genital tract, particularly in patients with a history of breast carcinoma receiving tamoxifen therapy. Abnormal ultrasonographic findings in the uterus of such patients warrant a comprehensive diagnostic workup to exclude metastatic disease.},
}

Humans
Female
*Tamoxifen/adverse effects/therapeutic use
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis
Adult
*Polyps/pathology/diagnosis/chemically induced
*Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology/drug therapy/diagnosis
*Endometrial Neoplasms/secondary/diagnosis/pathology
Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/adverse effects
*Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology

@article {pmid40574925,
year = {2025},
author = {Lin, YT and Hong, ZJ and Liao, GS and Dai, MS and Chao, TK and Tsai, WC and Sung, YK and Chiu, CH and Chang, CK and Yu, JC},
title = {Unexpected contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis without ipsilateral involvement in triple-negative breast cancer: A case report and review of literature.},
journal = {World journal of clinical cases},
volume = {13},
number = {18},
pages = {103571},
pmid = {40574925},
issn = {2307-8960},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) being the most prevalent subtype. Lymph node metastasis is the primary prognostic indicator, typically evaluated via biopsy of the ipsilateral sentinel or axillary lymph nodes. Contralateral axillary metastasis (CAM) without ipsilateral involvement is exceedingly rare, particularly in early-stage breast cancer. This report presents a case of CAM in a patient with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), underscoring diagnostic and therapeutic complexities.

CASE SUMMARY: A 73-year-old female presented with left-sided early-stage IDC in February 2023. Despite a modified radical mastectomy and pathologically negative ipsilateral lymph nodes, a postoperative positron emission tomography (PET) scan detected fluorodeoxyglucose-avid nodes in the contralateral axilla. Biopsy confirmed metastatic ductal carcinoma with triple-negative status, resulting in an upstaged diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer, stage IV, M1. The patient underwent six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy, with follow-up PET imaging showing regression of the contralateral lesion. This case highlights the importance of advanced imaging in TNBC for precise staging and treatment optimization.

CONCLUSION: This case highlights the aggressive nature of TNBC and the need for advanced imaging to ensure accurate staging and effective management.},
}

@article {pmid40561128,
year = {2025},
author = {Deng, M and March, DS and Churchwood, DR and Young, HML and Highton, PJ and Denniff, MJ and Graham-Brown, MPM and Burton, JO and Baker, LA},
title = {Exploring a role for Chemerin in the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal benefits of intradialytic exercise in the hemodialysis population.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0321497},
pmid = {40561128},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Humans ; *Chemokines/blood ; *Renal Dialysis ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/blood ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/prevention & control ; Aged ; *Exercise/physiology ; Adult ; *Exercise Therapy/methods ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for people receiving hemodialysis. Intradialytic cycling (IDC) has been shown to improve cardiovascular health in the hemodialysis population, but specific mechanisms require elucidation. Chemerin is an adipokine which contributes to the inflammatory process and may be associated with the cardiovascular benefits of IDC and physical function in hemodialysis population.

METHODS: Adults undertaking ≥3 months hemodialysis were randomized to either IDC (30 min each time, moderate intensity, thrice weekly) and usual care; or usual care only (control group). 88 blood samples were retrospectively analyzed for chemerin concentrations using ELISA. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression was used to understand how changes in chemerin are associated with changes in cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health in response to IDC.

RESULTS: There was a significant increase of plasma chemerin concentration after 6 months in both groups. A positive association was detected between chemerin and short physical performance battery at baseline (β = 0.264, p = 0.017). There was no correlation of chemerin with cardiovascular, body composition, and other physical function markers.

CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to show plasma level of chemerin increases with time on hemodialysis. No evidence was found to support a role for chemerin in modifying cardiac structure and function in people undertaking IDC. Further studies should investigate the associations between chemerin and physical performance.},
}

Humans
*Chemokines/blood
*Renal Dialysis
Male
Female
Middle Aged
*Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/blood
*Cardiovascular Diseases/blood/prevention & control
Aged
*Exercise/physiology
Adult
*Exercise Therapy/methods
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid40544078,
year = {2025},
author = {Ao, Y and Li, X and Mu, L and Zhao, J and Chen, H and Wang, Y and Zhang, S and Yang, S and Zhang, N and Qiu, L},
title = {Time-Dependent Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Changes in Breast MR Images With Contrast for Tumor Characterization.},
journal = {Clinical breast cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.clbc.2025.05.019},
pmid = {40544078},
issn = {1938-0666},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: To assess the effect of scan time after contrast injection on breast MRI DWI sequence ADC values and its role in lesion differentiation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 2022 and 2023, two hundred and fifty-one breast magnetic resonance (MR) images were collected from 251 patients, who had a total of 258 lesions. Pathology results obtained within 1 month of the MR imaging were utilized. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured at 3 time-points: precontrast, 3 minutes postcontrast, and 6 minutes postcontrast. For the analysis, statistical methods including the Friedman test, linear mixed models, Bonferroni correction, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and DeLong test were applied.

RESULTS: Contrast agents cause ADC values to decrease within 3 minutes after injection and recover within 6 minutes (e.g., invasive ductal carcinoma). ADC can distinguish between benign tumors and cancers but not between carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. Time-dependent changes do not affect the differentiation of benign from malignant lesions.

CONCLUSION: Contrast injection time has little effect on the effectiveness of ADC in differentiating benign from malignant lesions on DWI sequences. The findings support the feasibility of postcontrast DWI without compromising diagnostic accuracy.},
}

@article {pmid40539820,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, X and Yin, Y and Ye, Z and Zhang, X and Wei, W and Hao, Y and Zeng, L and Yang, T and Li, D and Wang, J and Zhao, D and Chen, Y and Lei, S and Jiang, Y and Zhang, Y and Xu, S and Nanding, A and Gong, Y and Li, S and Yu, Y and Zhao, S and Liu, S and Zhao, Y and Chen, Z and Yu, S and Fan, JB and Pang, D},
title = {An Approach for Differential Diagnosis of Breast Tumors by ctDNA Methylation Sequencing.},
journal = {Cancer medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {12},
pages = {e71004},
pmid = {40539820},
issn = {2045-7634},
support = {2019B121205010//Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province/ ; GA20C016//Heilongjiang Province Applied Technology Research and Development/ ; 201909010010//Scheme of Guangzhou for Leading Team in Innovation/ ; 82073410//China National Science Foundation/ ; 82272623//China National Science Foundation/ ; 82173235//China National Science Foundation/ ; 202201010943//Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project/ ; 2016007//Scheme of Guangzhou for Leading Talents in Innovation and Entrepreneurship/ ; 2023ZX06C10//Key Special Projects of Heilongjiang Province Key Research and Development Program/ ; Nn10//Nn10 Program of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital/ ; JJZD2020-08//Haiyan Foundation of Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital/ ; 2020GH15//2020 Guangzhou Development Zone International Science and Technology Cooperation Project/ ; 2017-L152//Scheme of Guangzhou Economic and Technological Development District for Leading Talents in Innovation and Entrepreneurship/ ; JD22C004//Key R&D Plan Projects of Heilongjiang Province, Da Pang/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/diagnosis/blood ; Female ; *DNA Methylation ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/blood ; *Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics/blood ; Middle Aged ; Mammography ; Aged ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Breast ultrasonography and mammography remain predominant in breast tumor evaluations, yet they often result in false positives, particularly for tumors classified as BI-RADS 4a or those no more than 10 mm, which are not ideal for core needle biopsy (CNB). Early-stage breast cancer detection via circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) methylation holds potential to bridge these diagnostic gaps.

METHODS: We curated a breast cancer-specific panel by harnessing methylation profiles from in-house and public databases. Leveraging breast tissue-plasma-leukocyte samples, we identified breast cancer-specific markers, culminating in a 103-marker methylation model which underwent rigorous validation in two independent cohorts. To assess its performance, we compared it against the accuracy of ultrasonography, mammography, and CNB.

RESULTS: The 103-marker model exhibited remarkable proficiency in discerning benign from malignant breast tumors in plasma, with AUCs of 0.838, 0.838 and 0.823 in the validation set and two independent test sets, respectively. In BI-RADS 4a breast cancer, when compared to ultrasonography or mammography, the model augmented breast cancer diagnostic accuracy by 40.58% and 25.49%, separately. Retrospective analyses suggested that our model achieved a sensitivity of 66.67% (4/6) and a specificity of 80.36% (45/56) for surgical patients in the BI-RADS 4a category with tumors ≤ 10 mm, who did not undergo CNB, potentially sparing 45 benign patients from overtreatment. Notably, significant differences emerged in cancer scores between DCIS and invasive ductal carcinoma (p < 0.05). Higher cancer scores correlated with a more unfavorable prognosis (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: The 103-marker methylation model demonstrates impressive performance in distinguishing between malignant and benign tumors, facilitating precise early diagnosis of BC, and holds promise as a prognostic tool.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/diagnosis/blood
Female
*DNA Methylation
Diagnosis, Differential
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/blood
*Circulating Tumor DNA/genetics/blood
Middle Aged
Mammography
Aged
Adult

@article {pmid40507963,
year = {2025},
author = {Zeiringer, S and Derler, M and Mussbacher, M and Kolesnik, T and Fröhlich, E and Leitinger, G and Kolb, D and Tutz, S and Vargas, C and Keller, S and Roblegg, E},
title = {Immune Modulation with Nanodiscs: Surface Charge Dictates Cellular Interactions and Activation of Macrophages and Dendritic-like Cells.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {11},
pages = {},
pmid = {40507963},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dendritic Cells/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology ; *Macrophages/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology ; *Cell Communication/drug effects/immunology ; *Nanostructures/chemistry ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; },
abstract = {The immunological barrier is among the most significant barriers in vivo. Macrophages and dendritic cells play a crucial role in immune responses, involving phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and triggering adaptive responses. Nanoscale drug-delivery vehicles, such as polymer-encapsulated lipid-bilayer nanodiscs, are of particular interest in the development of new therapeutic approaches, but require well-characterized human in vitro cell models. To this end, the present study differentiated human monocytes into two distinct states, resting macrophages and immature dendritic-like cells (iDCs). These cells served as model systems to assess the efficacy of lipid-bilayer nanodiscs encapsulated by anionic glyco-DIBMA (diisobutylene-maleic acid) or electroneutral sulfo-DIBMA polymers. Nanodisc-cell interaction studies-including cell viability, reactive oxygen species production, cytokine release, particle uptake, and activation marker expression-demonstrated that immune responses depend sensitively on the cell type and polymer and thus on the surface charge of the nanodiscs. Sulfo-DIBMA nanodiscs induced minimal immune cell activation, accompanied by cytokine release and reduced uptake of the nanodiscs by immune cells. In contrast, glyco-DIBMA nanodiscs exhibited increased interactions with cells, elicited pro-inflammatory immune responses, and promoted iDC maturation. This involved co-stimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules, potentially leading to T-cell activation. These findings underscore the potential of glyco-DIBMA nanodiscs to modulate immune responses through receptor-specific interactions, paving the way for immunotherapeutic strategies.},
}

Humans
*Dendritic Cells/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology
*Macrophages/immunology/drug effects/metabolism/cytology
*Cell Communication/drug effects/immunology
*Nanostructures/chemistry
Cytokines/metabolism
Lipid Bilayers/chemistry
Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
Cell Survival/drug effects

@article {pmid40484435,
year = {2025},
author = {Iurillo, AM and Abraham, O and McQuillan, J and Newton, E},
title = {Treatment of breast cancer in a patient with sickle cell disease.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2024-263661},
pmid = {40484435},
issn = {1757-790X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/therapy/complications/pathology ; *Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications/therapy ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/complications/pathology ; Adult ; Trastuzumab/therapeutic use ; Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {We present a woman in her 30s with sickle cell disease (SCD) treated with monthly exchange transfusions who had suffered cerebrovascular complications, presented with a 4-cm left breast mass and was ultimately diagnosed with Estrogen receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive (ER+HER2/Neu+) invasive ductal carcinoma with axillary metastasis. She was treated with neoadjuvant trastuzumab-based chemotherapy, followed by a left-modified radical mastectomy and had residual invasive disease. She received postmastectomy radiation followed by adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine. Given the ER positivity, she also began adjuvant ovarian suppression (OS) and an aromatase inhibitor (AI). Throughout treatment, her SCD remained well-controlled, highlighting the potential for effective and tolerable cancer therapy in patients with SCD and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration. This case underscores the importance of tailored oncological management and the need for further research on chemotherapy safety in this population.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/therapy/complications/pathology
*Anemia, Sickle Cell/complications/therapy
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy/complications/pathology
Adult
Trastuzumab/therapeutic use
Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Mastectomy, Modified Radical
Aromatase Inhibitors/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40478792,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, H and Luo, M and Luo, W and Li, H and Cong, S},
title = {Integrated decision-control for social robot autonomous navigation considering nonlinear dynamics model.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {6},
pages = {e0324341},
pmid = {40478792},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Robotics/methods ; *Nonlinear Dynamics ; Humans ; Algorithms ; Reward ; Decision Making ; Reinforcement, Psychology ; Walking ; },
abstract = {Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated significant potential in social robot autonomous navigation, yet existing research lacks in-depth discussion on the feasibility of navigation strategies. Therefore, this paper proposes an Integrated Decision-Control Framework for Social Robot Autonomous Navigation (IDC-SRAN), which accounts for the nonlinearity of social robot model and ensures the feasibility of decision-control strategy. Initially, inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) is employed to tackle the challenge of designing pedestrian walking reward. Subsequently, the Four-Mecanum-Wheel Robot dynamic model is constructed to develop IDC-SRAN, resolving the issue of dynamics mismatch of RL system. The actions of IDC-SRAN are defined as additional torque, with actual torque and lateral/longitudinal velocities integrated into the state space. The feasibility of the decision-control strategy is ensured by constraining the range of actions. Furthermore, a critical challenge arises from the state delay caused by model transient characteristics, which complicates the articulation of nonlinear relationships between states and actions through IRL-based rewards. To mitigate this, a driving-force-guided reward is proposed. This reward guides the robot to explore more appropriate decision-control strategies by expected direction of driving force, thereby reducing non-optimal behaviors during transient phases. Experimental results demonstrate that IDC-SRAN achieves peak accelerations approximately 8.3% of baseline methods, significantly enhancing the feasibility of decision-control strategies. Simultaneously, the framework enables goal-oriented autonomous navigation through active torque modulation, attaining a task completion rate exceeding 90%. These outcomes further validate the intelligence and robustness of the proposed IDC-SRAN.},
}

*Robotics/methods
*Nonlinear Dynamics
Humans
Algorithms
Reward
Decision Making
Reinforcement, Psychology
Walking

@article {pmid40470417,
year = {2025},
author = {Matsuo, T and Tanaka, T and Shien, T and Muraoka, A and Doihara, H},
title = {Detailed Ophthalmic and Pathological Features of Choroidal Metastasis From Breast Cancer: A Case Series of Five Patients.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {e83484},
pmid = {40470417},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Breast cancer causes choroidal metastases on rare occasions. This study presented the eye manifestations of choroidal metastases from breast cancer and their response to treatments in detail as well as their pathological correlation in five patients. The patients' age at the diagnosis of breast cancer ranged from 24 to 69 years (median: 37 years). The time from the diagnosis of breast cancer to the detection of metastases was concurrent in one patient, two years later in three patients, and six years later in the other patient. The time from the detection of systemic metastases to the detection of choroidal metastases was the same in one patient, while it ranged from one to seven years later in four patients. Choroidal metastases were in the unilateral eye of four patients, whereas they were in both eyes of one patient. Choroidal metastases manifested as one or a few nodular or flat choroidal lesions with serous retinal detachment. As for the treatment of choroidal metastases, enucleation of the right eye was chosen based on the patient's wish as well as the family's wish in the earliest patient when cancer notification was not the norm in Japan. In the other four patients, whole-eye radiation was performed to reduce the choroidal metastatic lesions. As regards the prognosis, which was available in four patients, three patients died within one year from the diagnosis of choroidal metastases, while one patient died one year and eight months later. Regarding the pathology of breast cancer, which was available in four patients, immunostaining of the preserved enucleated eye in the earliest patient revealed that breast cancer cells in the choroidal metastatic lesion were positive for estrogen receptor and negative for progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Invasive ductal carcinoma in two patients was positive for estrogen receptor and negative for HER2, while invasive ductal carcinoma in the other patient was triple-negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 with a high Ki-67 index. In conclusion, the prognosis for life was poor in patients with breast cancer who developed choroidal metastases. Choroidal metastatic lesions showed a response to whole-eye radiation to improve the quality of vision at the end of life. Vision-related symptoms should be monitored in the course of chemotherapy for systemic metastases.},
}

@article {pmid40469556,
year = {2025},
author = {Suzuki, A and Komiya, T and Fujita, H and Shimada, K and Nonaka, M and Hanano, M and Takeishi, M and Ishikawa, T and Matsumura, H},
title = {Surgical Site Infection Owing to Mycobacterium mageritense After Immediate Breast Reconstruction Using a Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap.},
journal = {Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {e6823},
pmid = {40469556},
issn = {2169-7574},
abstract = {Mycobacterium mageritense is a rare, rapidly growing, nontuberculosis mycobacterium that belongs to type IV of the rapidly growing mycobacteria. These bacteria are found in soil and water, and cause localized skin and soft tissue infections; however, they are challenging to culture, leading to diagnostic delays. To our knowledge, there have been 12 reported cases of surgical site infections (SSIs) caused by M. mageritense, with only 2 cases following breast reconstruction. A 51-year-old woman underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction using a deep inferior epigastric perforator flap for invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. One month after surgery, she developed an SSI caused by M. mageritense. Despite initial outpatient treatment, the infection persisted, requiring multiple hospitalizations, administration of intravenous antibiotics, and several debridements under general anesthesia. Negative pressure wound therapy and a coordinated approach among various medical specialties are essential for managing infections. The patient experienced side effects from prolonged antibiotic use but eventually exhibited no signs of infection recurrence. This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing and treating M. mageritense SSIs, emphasizing the need for comprehensive surgical and medical management, together with patient-centered care, to effectively manage long-term treatment.},
}

@article {pmid40455366,
year = {2025},
author = {Qiu, X and Tian, B and Gu, Y and Yin, K and Zhao, J and Wang, J},
title = {Novel nomograms for predicting overall survival and cancer-specific survival in invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Discover oncology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {984},
pmid = {40455366},
issn = {2730-6011},
support = {TRYJ2021JC18//Screening and preliminary functional analysis of specific metabolites of breast malignant tumors/ ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Currently, the clinical diagnosis and treatment for invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast (ILC) often draw on the treatment approaches used for invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), despite significant differences between the two. Studies evaluating the risk and prognosis of ILC are limited; thus, our goal was to construct a predictive model for the prognosis of ILC.

METHODS: Clinical data of patients diagnosed with unilateral primary ILC from 2010 to 2015 were acquired from the SEER database. Independent prognostic factors affecting patients' overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were determined through univariate and multivariate analyses based on COX proportional hazards model and Fine-Gray competing risks model. Nomograms were constructed to forecast the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS and CSS of the patients.

RESULTS: A total of 6,616 patients with ILC were included, with 1,083 deaths, of which 541 were attributed to ILC, and 542 to other causes. The univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that age, N stage, stage, surgery, PR status, radiotherapy, and brain metastasis are independent risk factors for OS of ILC patients, while age, N stage, stage, surgery, PR status, and brain metastasis are independent risk factors for CSS of ILC patients. The C-index, area under the ROC curve, and calibration curve of the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS and CSS prediction models confirmed that it had good predictive capability.

CONCLUSIONS: This study has developed subtype-specific predictive models for OS and CSS of patients with ILC, offering clinicians a regimen. Reference for assessing patient prognosis and formulating individualized treatment.},
}

@article {pmid40439394,
year = {2025},
author = {Khan, L and Khan, M and Shakeel, F and Ali, T and Hina, M and Arif, A and Rahim Sarfaraz, F and Tariq, M and Hafiz, A and Qureshi, BM and Abbasi, AN and Ali, N},
title = {Effect of DIBH Coaching on Dosimetric Parameters of Heart and Lung Doses in Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Breast Radiotherapy.},
journal = {Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP},
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {1809-1813},
pmid = {40439394},
issn = {2476-762X},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Heart/radiation effects ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects/methods ; *Lung/radiation effects ; *Unilateral Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; *Organs at Risk/radiation effects ; *Breath Holding ; Follow-Up Studies ; *Mentoring/methods ; Adult ; *Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; *Radiation Injuries/prevention & control/etiology ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Radiation exposure to the heart in women with left-sided breast cancer can lead to cardiac disease and increased mortality. Several techniques, including deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH), have been used to reduce cardiac exposure during radiotherapy. DIBH coaching prior to radiation planning can further reduce cardiac doses. This study aims to compare heart and lung dosimetric parameters between coached and non-coached patients using the DIBH technique for left-sided breast cancer treatment.

METHODS: All patients with left-sided breast cancer who received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) using the DIBH were included. The first cohort, designated as the non-coached group, received verbal guidance on the breath hold technique but did not undergo formal coaching. The second cohort involved a comprehensive coaching protocol, which began in January 2022. This protocol, led by a physician, included demonstrations and instructions for performing the DIBH technique in the clinic and encouraged patients to practice at home before and during RT to optimize cardiac protection.

RESULTS: A total of 40 patients met the inclusion criteria for the study, with a mean age of 45.7 ± 8.38 years. Most patients had IDC and Stage II disease, and radiation was primarily delivered using 3DCRT with 4256 cGy in 16 fractions regimes. In terms of cardiac dose exposure, coached patients had slightly lower mean and maximum point cardiac doses, but these differences were not statistically significant. Coached patients also had a significantly lower mean V17 for left lung volume exposure compared to non-coached patients (18.3 vs. 21.6, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: DIBH coaching and home practice prior to RT planning can further reduce cardiac and lung doses, offering a cost-effective intervention, particularly in resource-limited settings, though further controlled studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are needed to assess its clinical impact.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Heart/radiation effects
Radiotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects/methods
*Lung/radiation effects
*Unilateral Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods
Radiotherapy Dosage
*Organs at Risk/radiation effects
*Breath Holding
Follow-Up Studies
*Mentoring/methods
Adult
*Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy
*Radiation Injuries/prevention & control/etiology
Prognosis

@article {pmid40437613,
year = {2025},
author = {Zheng, Y and Tang, H and Liu, Q and Zhang, Y and Zhao, P and Zhang, S and Wang, C},
title = {Mutational analysis and protein expression of PI3K/AKT pathway in four mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Diagnostic pathology},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {68},
pmid = {40437613},
issn = {1746-1596},
support = {81672606//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZR2022MH206//Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism/genetics ; Middle Aged ; *Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics/pathology ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Mutation ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/analysis ; Aged ; Adult ; *Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; Immunohistochemistry ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Primary mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast (BMCA) is a rare neoplasm with few reports in the literature. Its molecular characteristics, prognosis, and treatment protocols are not well understood, and there is a lack of consensus concerning the optimal management of this condition.

METHODS: Four cases of clinical and pathological data were collected from 2018 to 2024. Next generation sequencing with a 654 cancer-associated gene panel was utilized to detect gene mutations. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to evaluate protein expression levels.

RESULTS: Firstly, we combined clinical imaging examinations and IHC to exclude the possibility of metastasis from ovarian or pancreatic origins. BMCA was composed of cystically dilated ducts lined by tall columnar mucin-containing epithelium. The morphological spectrum of MCA varied from MCA alone to MCA combined with carcinoma in situ (CIS) to MCA associated with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). ER/PR/HER2 and CK20 were all negative, while CK7 and GATA3 were positive by IHC in four cases. Although the prognosis of the other three patients was favorable during the follow-up periods of 13, 10, and 3 months, respectively, case 2# experienced a recurrence of the primary focus after 42 months. No lymphatic metastasis was identified in cases 1-4#. In addition, next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified 17 mutated genes and 25 mutation sites in four cases. TP53, PIK3CA, AKT, PTEN, and RB1 were the highest frequency mutated genes. Given that AKT mutations typically refer to AKT1(E17K) rather than AKT2 or AKT3, AKT protein expression was detected only in Case 2# (AKT1, E17K). PTEN protein was expressed in case 4# (corresponded to missense mutation), loss of PTEN expression were corresponding with splicing mutation in case1#. In brief, AKT and PTEN protein expression could be corresponded to gene mutation in a certain extent. However, PIK3CA protein expression was positive in Case 2# but negative in Case 1#, which did not fully accordance with the NGS-detected missense mutations. No associated germline variations were detected. Additionally, neither PDL-1 expression nor microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) status was identified.

CONCLUSION: The tumorigenesis and development of BMCA may be regulated to the PI3K/AKT pathway. Consequently, a comprehensive genetic analysis of more cases could elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this rare tumor.},
}

Humans
Female
*Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism/genetics
Middle Aged
*Cystadenocarcinoma, Mucinous/genetics/pathology
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology
DNA Mutational Analysis
Mutation
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/analysis
Aged
Adult
*Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism/genetics
Signal Transduction
Immunohistochemistry
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

@article {pmid40433185,
year = {2025},
author = {Rezaianzadeh, A and Hosseini-Bensenjan, M and Sephidbakht, S and Haghpanah, S and Khosravizadegan, Z and Asmarian, N and Ramzi, M},
title = {Bayesian Spatial Analysis of the Incidence Rate of Patients with Breast Cancer in Southern Iran.},
journal = {Iranian journal of medical sciences},
volume = {50},
number = {5},
pages = {316-323},
pmid = {40433185},
issn = {1735-3688},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Female ; Iran/epidemiology ; Incidence ; Bayes Theorem ; Adult ; Spatial Analysis ; Middle Aged ; Registries/statistics & numerical data ; Cohort Studies ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the female population, breast cancer is the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer death. This study was designed to investigate the geographical pattern of breast cancer risk in different counties of Fars province in the south of Iran from 2001 to 2018.

METHODS: In this historical cohort study, data of Shiraz Population-Based Cancer Registry between 2001 and 2018 was used. The geographical variations of breast cancer incidence rate in 36 counties of Fars province were analyzed using the Bayesian spatiotemporal model.

RESULTS: Overall, the averages of relative risk (RR), temporal trend (TT), and δi for breast cancer were 1.59, 1.025, and 0.00 in the total female population; 1.21, 1.002, and 0.00 in the young female population (under 40 years of age); and 1.54, 1.02, and 0.00 in the female population with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), respectively. The steady increase in RR of breast cancer and IDC during 2001-2018 was observed in most counties located in the non-central part of the Fars geographic map. Moreover, a steady increase of young breast cancer RR was observed mainly in southern regions and some northern cities of Fars province.

CONCLUSION: Between 2001 and 2018 in Fars province, a steady annual increase of approximately 2% was observed in the total female population for all types of breast cancer, including IDC. High-risk areas, TTs, and changing patterns of breast cancer incidence were determined in this region. Furthermore, areas with a high risk of young breast cancer were identified, which requires special attention.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology
Female
Iran/epidemiology
Incidence
Bayes Theorem
Adult
Spatial Analysis
Middle Aged
Registries/statistics & numerical data
Cohort Studies
Risk Factors
Aged

@article {pmid40407816,
year = {2025},
author = {Lu, D and Han, Y and Xu, R and Wang, C and Qin, M and Shi, J and Ye, F and Zhang, J and Luo, Z and Wang, Y and Lin, H and Jia, P and Zhu, J and Wang, C},
title = {Respiratory transmission potential of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus: evidence from intranasal exposure in a humanized mouse model.},
journal = {Emerging microbes & infections},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {2511134},
pmid = {40407816},
issn = {2222-1751},
mesh = {Animals ; Mice ; *Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome/transmission/virology/pathology/immunology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; *Phlebovirus/physiology/pathogenicity ; Lung/pathology/virology ; Administration, Intranasal ; Female ; },
abstract = {Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus (SFTSV) is a highly lethal pathogen with expanding endemic regions in Asia. While primarily transmitted by ticks, recent evidence suggests potential airborne transmission, raising significant public health concerns. This study investigates the potential for respiratory transmission and pathogenesis using humanized NCG mice inoculated with SFTSV via subcutaneous injection challenge (SIC) or intranasal drop challenge (IDC). Both groups demonstrated rapid systemic dissemination, marked by viremia, weight loss, and multi-organ injury, with hemorrhagic manifestations observed in high-dose infection groups. Histopathological evaluations revealed lung pathology in the intranasal drop challenge mice, including extensive alveolar disruption and inflammatory cell infiltration. Transcriptomic analyses further confirmed that respiratory route inoculation resulted in heightened expression of inflammatory signalling pathways such as IL-17 and NF-κB, potentially contributing to severe local immunopathology. Subcutaneous infection provoked an earlier systemic immune response, with significant upregulation of antigen-processing genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Nevertheless, both routes ultimately culminated in widespread injury to the liver, spleen, kidney, highlighting the systemic nature of SFTSV pathogenesis. These findings underscore the need for preventive strategies addressing respiratory spread.},
}

Animals
Mice
*Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome/transmission/virology/pathology/immunology
Disease Models, Animal
Humans
*Phlebovirus/physiology/pathogenicity
Lung/pathology/virology
Administration, Intranasal
Female

@article {pmid40394843,
year = {2025},
author = {Raeisi, N and Saber Tanha, A and Jafari Zarrin Ghabaei, F and Barashki, S and Aryana, K},
title = {Favorable Palliative Effect of 177 Lu-FAPI-2286 in Two Breast Cancer Patients With Refractory Bone Pains.},
journal = {Clinical nuclear medicine},
volume = {50},
number = {9},
pages = {e564-e567},
doi = {10.1097/RLU.0000000000005753},
pmid = {40394843},
issn = {1536-0229},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; *Bone Neoplasms/secondary/complications/radiotherapy ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/complications ; *Lutetium/therapeutic use ; *Pain/complications ; *Palliative Care ; Radioisotopes/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {We present 2 women with advanced invasive ductal carcinoma who developed skeletal metastases despite extensive treatment, including surgery, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy. Both patients experienced debilitating pain and were evaluated for bone palliation therapy using 177 Lu-FAPI-2286, after 99m Tc-FAPI-46 scintigraphy showed suitable uptake. Remarkably, both patients reported significant pain relief shortly after treatment. The only adverse effect noted was grade III thrombocytopenia in 1 patient. These cases highlight the potential of 177 Lu-FAPI-2286 in providing rapid and effective palliation for breast cancer patients suffering from refractory pain, suggesting further investigation into its role in theranostics and palliative care. In this report, we also conducted a comprehensive literature review on radio-ligand therapy with 177 Lu-FAPI in breast cancer.},
}

Female
Humans
*Bone Neoplasms/secondary/complications/radiotherapy
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/complications
*Lutetium/therapeutic use
*Pain/complications
*Palliative Care
Radioisotopes/therapeutic use

@article {pmid40389885,
year = {2025},
author = {Ndlovu, AK and Kasvosve, I and Rantshabeng, PS and Sharma, K and Govender, D and Naidoo, R},
title = {Female breast cancer classification using immunohistochemistry biomarkers staining in Botswana.},
journal = {BMC cancer},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {893},
pmid = {40389885},
issn = {1471-2407},
support = {PhD Scholarship//University of Botswana, Human resources/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Botswana/epidemiology ; *Breast Neoplasms/classification/pathology/metabolism ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry/methods ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Aged ; Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer remains the most diagnosed cancer among women world-wide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths accounting for 15% of deaths in 2018. Worldwide, the incidence increased from 1.4 million in 2011 to over 2 million in 2018 with a concomitant increase in mortality from 458,400 to 626,679 in the same period. Low- and middle-income countries, such as Botswana, have a disproportionate burden of breast cancer incidence and mortality and there is an urgent need to characterise the unique tumour molecular profiles that may be influencing mortality in these populations. Methods A retrospective study of 125 archived mastectomy specimens (from 2006 to 2009) from women with breast cancer in Botswana was conducted. We determined molecular characteristics of breast cancers by carrying out four immunohistochemistry (IHC)classification (PR, ER, HER2 receptors and Ki 67), cytokeratin 5/6 and EGFR1.Statistical software STATA and SPSS were used to determine the relationship between histology, IHC of biomarkers of interest. Results Out of 125 breast cancer tissues, the distribution of molecular subtypes were as follows: Luminal A (44/125; 35.2%), Luminal B (and TNBC (23/125; 18,4%), HER2 Enriched (17/125; 13.6%), and Luminal B HER2 Enriched (9/125; 7.2%), Basal (9/125; 7.2%), and CK5/6 was expressed by 12.8% (16/125) of tumours. Furthermore 6% of the tumours were basal positive luminal tumours. Morphological 76% of tumours were IDC-NOS and 24% were special type, majority were grade 2 (40%) followed by grade 1(30.4%), grade 3 (23.2%) was and mucinous types were 6.4%. Clinical staging and tumour involvement data were incomplete. Conclusion The discovery of basal positive luminal breast tumours in women from Botswana original not accounted for in the four distinct molecular subtype calls for an expanded antibody panel 6-IHC panel) in order to stratify women of African descent patients into good/poor prognostic groups. Characterising tumour subtypes will better inform optimal therapeutic regimens for women with breast cancer in Botswana.},
}

Humans
Female
Botswana/epidemiology
*Breast Neoplasms/classification/pathology/metabolism
*Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
Immunohistochemistry/methods
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Adult
Aged
Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism

@article {pmid40386043,
year = {2025},
author = {Han, Y and Hu, X and Xiong, H and Zeng, L and Peng, Y and Su, T},
title = {CEP55 as a prognostic indicator and a predictive marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma.},
journal = {International journal of medical sciences},
volume = {22},
number = {10},
pages = {2446-2459},
pmid = {40386043},
issn = {1449-1907},
mesh = {Humans ; *Mouth Neoplasms/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics/diagnosis ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism/genetics ; *Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Prognosis ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Aged ; *Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology ; Immunohistochemistry ; *Nuclear Proteins/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Objective: To investigate the role of CEP55 in the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods: Through the utilization of the online OSCC database and bioinformatic analysis, we examine CEP55 expression and its correlation with prognosis, pathways, and immune infiltration. CEP55 and other biomarkers were stained using immunohistochemical methods in 57 cases of OSCC and 44 cases of adjacent paired tissues, demonstrating the clear involvement of CEP55. Results: The expression levels of CEP55 were significantly higher in OSCC tissues compared to normal tissues. Additionally, higher levels of CEP55 were associated with a worse prognosis. CEP55 expression levels were significantly higher in OSCC tissues compared to normal tissues. Additionally, higher levels of CEP55 were associated with a worse prognosis. GSEA results indicated a correlation between CEP55 and the cell cycle. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a significant positive correlation between CEP55 and cell cycle-related protein markers (PCNA, P16, P21, and P53). Furthermore, CEP55 was found to significantly inhibit tumor immune infiltration. As a result, CEP55 expression decreased infiltration of 9 types of immune cells (iDC, mast cells, pDC, DC, Th17 cells, TFH, Treg, T cells, and neutrophils), while increasing infiltration of only 3 types of immune cells (Tcm, T Helper cells, and Th2 cells). Conclusion: The results suggest that CEP55 plays a crucial role in the progression of OSCC promoting cell cycle progression and suppressing immune infiltration.},
}

Humans
*Mouth Neoplasms/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics/diagnosis
*Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism/genetics
*Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Prognosis
Female
Male
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Aged
*Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/pathology/immunology/mortality/genetics
Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
Immunohistochemistry
*Nuclear Proteins/metabolism

@article {pmid40376199,
year = {2025},
author = {Bian, Y and Song, C and Nie, Y and Shen, X and Hui, F and Yu, G},
title = {Breast cancer metastasis to the nasopharynx: A case report.},
journal = {Oncology letters},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {331},
pmid = {40376199},
issn = {1792-1082},
abstract = {Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, with metastasis posing a significant clinical challenge. However, spread to the nasopharynx and nasal cavity is exceptionally rare. The current study presents the case of a 53-year-old woman diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the right breast, which later metastasized to the nasopharynx. Despite undergoing modified radical mastectomy, chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, the patient developed symptoms indicative of distant metastasis. The present study reviews the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for such rare occurrences, offering insights into effective management. The study analyzes this case alongside previously reported instances with the aim of enhancing awareness and facilitating early detection and intervention.},
}

@article {pmid40350661,
year = {2025},
author = {Farzan, JJ and Guart, JA and Kulkarni, N and Roberts, S and De la Cruz-Ku, G and Czerniach, DR and Dinh, KH},
title = {Managing Necrotizing Soft-Tissue Infection in Breast Cancer: A Case of Emergency Toilet Mastectomy.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {26},
number = {},
pages = {e946669},
pmid = {40350661},
issn = {1941-5923},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/surgery/complications/pathology ; Aged ; *Mastectomy/methods ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/complications ; *Soft Tissue Infections/surgery/etiology ; Debridement ; Necrosis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND This case report presents a rare instance of advanced breast cancer presenting with superimposed necrotizing soft-tissue infection (NSTI) and sepsis, uniquely managed with an emergency toilet mastectomy. Toilet mastectomies have become increasingly rare and controversial in modern surgical oncology and are generally limited to palliative indications. This report contributes to the limited literature on NSTI of the breast in the setting of malignancy and highlights the potential utility of toilet mastectomy as a palliative option for carefully selected patients with advanced breast cancer complicated by infection. CASE REPORT A 71-year-old woman presented with a large fungating right breast mass after 50 years of receiving no health care. She was septic, with clinical signs of NSTI. Emergency surgical intervention involved a toilet mastectomy with extensive debridement. Histopathological analysis confirmed high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with skin involvement, ER/PR-positive, HER2-negative, pT4bN0Mx. Cultures were consistent with type 1 NSTI. The postoperative course was complicated, requiring prolonged ICU care, multiple debridements, and advanced wound management. Significant complications included septic shock, acute kidney injury, and wound dehiscence. CONCLUSIONS This case is notable for 3 key aspects: (1) NSTI and sepsis are rare but serious complications of advanced breast cancer, underscoring the need for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for this condition; (2) timely and aggressive management of NSTI, regardless of its association with underlying malignancy, is critical for reducing morbidity and mortality; and (3) toilet mastectomy, although less commonly performed today, remains an appropriate palliative intervention in select cases.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/surgery/complications/pathology
Aged
*Mastectomy/methods
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery/complications
*Soft Tissue Infections/surgery/etiology
Debridement
Necrosis

@article {pmid40340873,
year = {2025},
author = {Gao, Y and Ali, H and Hu, Z and Sun, H},
title = {Sarcoid-like Reaction in Breast Cancer Tumor Bed and Axillary Lymph Nodes Following Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Case Report.},
journal = {Annals of clinical and laboratory science},
volume = {55},
number = {2},
pages = {281-285},
pmid = {40340873},
issn = {1550-8080},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/surgery ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects ; *Lymph Nodes/pathology ; Axilla/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; *Sarcoidosis/pathology ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology ; },
abstract = {Although granulomatous change is not commonly seen in breast cancer tumor bed and/or lymph node after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT), they may mimic lymph node metastasis or tumor progression or recurrence. We present a case of diffuse sarcoid-like reaction (SLR) developed in both the breast tumor bed and axillary lymph nodes after NCT. A postmenopausal Hispanic woman presented with a 11.4 cm left breast mass with swollen lymph nodes in her left axilla. A core biopsy of the breast mass was performed, leading to the diagnosis of grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma. The tumor is negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receoptor-2 overexpression. The patient received NCT with three cycles of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by weekly paclitaxel for 12 weeks. After NCT, the tumor in her left breast significantly reduced in size, but the lymph nodes remained swollen. She subsequently underwent left modified radical mastectomy. Histological examination of the treated tumor bed revealed residual invasive tumor with frequent non-caseating granulomatous change. The granulomatous reaction was also seen in several axillary lymph nodes, of which only one had residual metastatic tumor cells. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, sarcoidosis, and infective etiologies were excluded based on the patient's medical history, imaging, and histological findings. We report a case of localized SLR in response to NCT in breast cancer tumor bed and axillary lymph nodes. Recognizing this feature is important to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment of SLR as residual cancer.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/drug therapy/surgery
*Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects
*Lymph Nodes/pathology
Axilla/pathology
Middle Aged
Lymphatic Metastasis
*Sarcoidosis/pathology
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/pathology

@article {pmid40314919,
year = {2025},
author = {Takano, Y and Mizuno, K and Iwase, M and Morita, S and Torii, N and Kikumori, T and Ando, Y},
title = {Tumor mutational burden status and clinical characteristics of invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast.},
journal = {Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan)},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {816-825},
pmid = {40314919},
issn = {1880-4233},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality ; Middle Aged ; *Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/pathology ; *Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Mutation ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology ; Aged ; Adult ; Tumor Burden/genetics ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: High tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) is an established biomarker for a favorable response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, tumor mutational burden (TMB) in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) has not been sufficiently investigated.

METHODS: We collected data of patients with ILC or IDC from the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics database between June 2019 and August 2023. Furthermore, we examined the clinicopathological factors and TMB status.

RESULTS: Patients with ILC (n = 170) had a median TMB score of 4.00 mut/Mb (interquartile range, 2.00-7.14 mut/Mb), whereas those with IDC (n = 2598) had a score of 3.90 mut/Mb (2.00-6.00 mut/Mb). TMB-H was more common in patients with ILC than in those with IDC (18.2% vs. 10.1%, P < 0.001), particularly in the ER+ /HER2- subtype. Multivariate analysis revealed that the pathological diagnosis of ILC (P = 0.006), tissue samples collected from metastatic sites (P < 0.001), and older age (50 years, P < 0.001) were independent factors for TMB-H.

CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ILC were more likely to have TMB-H than those with IDC. The findings of this study would be invaluable in selecting treatment strategies for patients with ILC.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/mortality
Middle Aged
*Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics/pathology
*Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
Mutation
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/pathology
Aged
Adult
Tumor Burden/genetics
Prognosis
Retrospective Studies

@article {pmid40269494,
year = {2025},
author = {Nakamura, S and Fujii, K and Sakai, M and Sakai, K and Hanazawa, H and Nishimura, K and Notohara, K and Yamaguchi, K and Itasaka, S},
title = {Arm-Behind-the-Back Position for Breast Cancer Radiotherapy in Patients with Lupus Erythematosus and Shoulder Arthropathy: A Case Report.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {26},
number = {},
pages = {e946674},
pmid = {40269494},
issn = {1941-5923},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy/complications/surgery ; Adult ; *Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/radiotherapy/complications/surgery ; *Shoulder Joint ; *Patient Positioning/methods ; *Radiotherapy, Conformal/methods ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND When 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) for postoperative breast cancer is performed in the supine position, patients are required to raise their arms to spare the arms from the irradiation field. However, patients with collagen vascular disease can experience severe joint symptoms. CASE REPORT A 43-year-old woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 10 years ago received a diagnosis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast. Breast-conserving surgery and sentinel lymph node biopsy were performed. The pathological stage was IA. Physical and immunological examinations indicated that SLE disease activity was stable preoperatively and postoperatively. She had difficulty holding her left arm in a raised position because of arthritis related to SLE and steroid therapy. For postoperative radiation therapy, we developed an arm-behind-the-back position, in which a platform was placed between the patient's body and couch. In this position, the patient's arm was lowered behind the back, such that the arm did not interfere with the irradiation field of 3DCRT. The treatment plan achieved an acceptable homogeneity index, low dose to the lungs and heart, and no problematic hotspots. Although the time required for position matching and irradiation tended to be longer than that in the regular supine position, scheduled irradiation was safely completed. Grade 2 radiation dermatitis was observed. The patient showed no signs of local recurrence or distant metastases after 15 months. No radiation pneumonitis was observed. CONCLUSIONS The ingenuity of positioning can achieve radiotherapy in patients with collagen vascular disease and shoulder joint symptoms.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy/complications/surgery
Adult
*Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/radiotherapy/complications/surgery
*Shoulder Joint
*Patient Positioning/methods
*Radiotherapy, Conformal/methods

@article {pmid40262013,
year = {2025},
author = {Young, R and Zaworski, E and Hart, M and Grewe, B and Liang, E and Pierpont, Y},
title = {Sarcoidosis Masquerading as Breast Implant- Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma - The Importance of Definitive Pathology to Guide Therapy.},
journal = {WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin},
volume = {124},
number = {1},
pages = {71-73},
pmid = {40262013},
issn = {2379-3961},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery ; Breast Neoplasms/surgery ; *Breast Implants/adverse effects ; Mammaplasty/adverse effects/instrumentation ; *Postoperative Complications/diagnosis/etiology/pathology ; *Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/diagnosis ; *Sarcoidosis/diagnosis/etiology/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; *Seroma/diagnosis/etiology/pathology ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare critical outcome of breast implantation that typically presents 8 to 10 years after textured-implant placement with periprosthetic seroma. Treatment consists of implant removal and capsulectomy, which is typically curative. But in rare case, malignant infiltration through the capsule results in disseminated disease, necessitating aggressive treatment with systemic chemotherapy. Sarcoidosis, a chronic systemic granulomatous disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas, is another rare cause of periprosthetic seroma.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old female with a history of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast status post textured implant-based reconstruction presented with late periprosthetic seroma and overlying rash. Cytology of seroma aspirate was suggestive of BIA-ALCL, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography was concerning for invasive disease. Surgical specimen pathology of the implant-capsule complex and skin punch biopsy of the overlying rash revealed only granulomatous inflammation. The patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis and spared systemic chemotherapy treatment for disseminated BIA-ALCL.

CONCLUSIONS: BIA-ALCL should be ruled out in all cases of late periprosthetic seroma. Definitive surgical pathology is necessary to prevent misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment of masquerading entities, such as sarcoidosis.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
Breast Neoplasms/surgery
*Breast Implants/adverse effects
Mammaplasty/adverse effects/instrumentation
*Postoperative Complications/diagnosis/etiology/pathology
*Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic/diagnosis
*Sarcoidosis/diagnosis/etiology/pathology
Diagnosis, Differential
*Seroma/diagnosis/etiology/pathology

@article {pmid40237521,
year = {2025},
author = {Irazoki, A and Frank, E and Pham, TCP and Braun, JL and Ehrlich, AM and Haid, M and Riols, F and Hansen, CHF and Jørgensen, AR and Andersen, NR and Hidalgo-Corbacho, L and Meneses-Valdes, R and Ali, MS and Raun, SH and Modvig, JL and Gallero, S and Larsen, S and Gerhart-Hines, Z and Jensen, TE and Rohm, M and Treebak, JT and Fajardo, VA and Sylow, L},
title = {Housing Temperature Impacts the Systemic and Tissue-Specific Molecular Responses to Cancer in Mice.},
journal = {Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e13781},
pmid = {40237521},
issn = {2190-6009},
support = {0169-00013B//Independent Research Fund Denmark/ ; 101108282//European Union's Horizon program, Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions/ ; R449-2023-1468//Lundbeck Foundation/ ; NNF23SA0084103//Novo Nordisk Foundation/ ; /ERC_/European Research Council/International ; 949017//European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Mice ; *Cachexia/etiology/metabolism ; *Temperature ; *Housing, Animal ; *Neoplasms/complications/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Thermogenesis ; Female ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cancer cachexia, affecting up to 80% of patients with cancer, is characterized by muscle and fat loss with functional decline. Preclinical research seeks to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying cachexia to identify potential targets. Housing laboratory mice at ambient temperature induces cold stress, triggering thermogenic activity and metabolic adaptations. Yet, the impact of housing temperature on preclinical cachexia remains unknown.

METHODS: Colon 26 carcinoma (C26)-bearing and PBS-inoculated (Ctrl) mice were housed at standard (ST; 20°C-22°C) or thermoneutral temperature (TN; 28°C-32°C). They were monitored for body weight, composition, food intake and systemic factors. Upon necropsy, tissues were weighed and used for evaluation of ex vivo force and respiration, or snap frozen for biochemical assays.

RESULTS: C26 mice lost 7.5% body weight (p = 0.0001 vs. Ctrls), accounted by decreased fat mass (-35%, p < 0.0001 vs. Ctrls), showing mild cachexia irrespective of housing temperature. All C26 mice exhibited reduced force (-40%, p < 0.0001 vs. Ctrls) and increased atrogene expression (3-fold, p < 0.003 vs. Ctrls). Cancer altered white adipose tissue (WAT)'s functional gene signature (49%, p < 0.05 vs. Ctrls), whereas housing temperature reduced brown adipose tissue (BAT)'s (-78%, p < 0.05 vs. ST Ctrl). Thermogenic capacity measured by Ucp1 expression decreased upon cancer in both WAT and BAT (-93% and -63%, p < 0.0044 vs. Ctrls). Cancer-driven glucose intolerance was noted at ST (26%, p = 0.0192 vs. ST Ctrl), but restored at TN (-23%, p = 0.005 vs. ST C26). Circulating FGF21, GDF-15 and IL-6 increased in all C26 mice (4-fold, p < 0.009 vs. Ctrls), with a greater effect on IL-6 at TN (76%, p = 0.0018 vs. ST C26). Tumour and WAT Il6 mRNA levels remained unchanged, while cancer induced skeletal muscle (SkM) Il6 (2-fold, p = 0.0016 vs. Ctrls) at both temperatures. BAT Il6 was only induced in C26 mice at TN (116%, p = 0.0087 vs. ST C26). At the bioenergetics level, cancer increased SkM SERCA ATPase activity at ST (4-fold, p = 0.0108 vs. ST Ctrl) but not at TN. In BAT, O2 consumption enhanced in C26 mice at ST (119%, p < 0.03 vs. ST Ctrl) but was blunted at TN (-44%, p < 0.0001 vs. ST C26). Cancer increased BAT ATP levels regardless of temperature (2-fold, p = 0.0046 vs. Ctrls), while SERCA ATPase activity remained unchanged at ST and decreased at TN (-59%, p = 0.0213 vs. TN Ctrl).

CONCLUSIONS: In mild cachexia, BAT and SkM bioenergetics are susceptible to different housing temperatures, which influences cancer-induced alterations in glucose metabolism and systemic responses.},
}

Animals
Mice
*Cachexia/etiology/metabolism
*Temperature
*Housing, Animal
*Neoplasms/complications/metabolism
Disease Models, Animal
Male
Thermogenesis
Female

@article {pmid40234077,
year = {2025},
author = {Ajmani, A and Witheiler, DW and Kivelevitch, D},
title = {Carcinoma erysipeloides secondary to male breast cancer in a patient with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations: a clinical presentation and management.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2024-264429},
pmid = {40234077},
issn = {1757-790X},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; *Breast Neoplasms, Male/genetics/pathology/drug therapy/complications ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/drug therapy/pathology ; Aged, 80 and over ; BRCA1 Protein/genetics ; Germ-Line Mutation ; BRCA2 Protein/genetics ; *Skin Neoplasms/secondary/genetics/drug therapy/pathology ; },
abstract = {We report a rare case of carcinoma erysipeloides (CE) in a man in his 80s. The patient exhibited a 15 year history of progressive nodularity over the right areola, accompanied by violaceous erythema extending from the right chest to both the right and left abdomen. The diagnostic workup confirmed invasive ductal carcinoma beneath the areola, intralymphatic carcinoma consistent with CE involving the regional skin and metastatic involvement of a single lymph node. The tumour tested positive for oestrogen and progesterone receptors but negative for HER2; genetic testing revealed the patient harboured germline mutations for BRCA1 and BRCA2. Oncology initiated anastrozole and palbociclib treatment, resulting in objective improvement in his breast cancer and his CE. This case highlights a unique presentation of male breast cancer with CE in the context of BRCA mutations and underscores the importance of genetic evaluation and tailored treatment in men with familial breast cancer syndromes.},
}

Humans
Male
*Breast Neoplasms, Male/genetics/pathology/drug therapy/complications
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics/drug therapy/pathology
Aged, 80 and over
BRCA1 Protein/genetics
Germ-Line Mutation
BRCA2 Protein/genetics
*Skin Neoplasms/secondary/genetics/drug therapy/pathology

@article {pmid40214389,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumar, W and Lohia, S and Agrawal, A and Yadav, V},
title = {A rare case of synchronous cervical squamous cell carcinoma and invasive ductal carcinoma of breast.},
journal = {Journal of cancer research and therapeutics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {281-283},
doi = {10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_2653_23},
pmid = {40214389},
issn = {1998-4138},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis/therapy ; Middle Aged ; *Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology/diagnosis ; *Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology/diagnosis/therapy ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnosis/therapy ; },
abstract = {Multiple primary neoplasms in the same patient can be of synchronous and metachronous types and are related to common etiologies and common genetic factors. We present a case report of 56-year-old female with the synchronous primary of breast and cervix and the unique challenges we faced in the management. Breast and cervical malignancies have contrasting risk factors and hence lies the significance of this synchronous presentation. The only identifiable commonality lies in the STK gene. We also present a review of the literature regarding similar presentations and a discussion on the possible source of origin of such a unique scenario.},
}

Humans
Female
*Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis/therapy
Middle Aged
*Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology/diagnosis
*Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology/diagnosis/therapy
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/diagnosis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology/diagnosis/therapy

@article {pmid40213483,
year = {2024},
author = {Garcia-Peiro, JI and Guerrero-López, P and Hornos, F and Hueso, JL and Garcia-Aznar, JM and Santamaria, J},
title = {The Pattern of Copper Release in Copper-Based Nanoparticles Regulates Tumor Proliferation and Invasiveness in 3D Culture Models.},
journal = {Small science},
volume = {4},
number = {12},
pages = {2400206},
pmid = {40213483},
issn = {2688-4046},
abstract = {Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a major challenge in oncology due to its highly invasive nature and limited treatment options. GBM's aggressive migration beyond tumor margins and rapid tumor growth hinders success in patient treatment. Localized therapeutic delivery, such as the use of transition metals like copper, is highlighted as a novel therapeutic agent for many potential biomedical applications. Herein, it is aimed to study the effects of Cu release on the proliferation and invasiveness of cancer cells. To this end, novel copper-based nanostructures with different release patterns are designed. Using a complex 3D cell culture model to mimic the tumor microenvironment, it is shown that different patterns of copper ion release have a strong impact on GBM progression and invasiveness. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing localized copper release patterns to tailor different tumor treatment strategies. They also show the potential and suitability of 3D microchips as instruments to study the behavior of tumor spheroids. In spite of their limitations, these 3D microdevices enable a controlled and close monitoring of the influence of environmental factors (such as the presence of Cu ions) on the proliferation and invasiveness of the cells, with a better approach to reality compared to 2D models and with a more controlled environment, compared to an in vivo model.},
}

@article {pmid40203054,
year = {2025},
author = {Trombley, J and Rakozy, AI and McClear, CA and Jash, E and Csankovszki, G},
title = {Condensin IDC, DPY-21, and CEC-4 maintain X chromosome repression in C. elegans.},
journal = {PLoS genetics},
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {e1011247},
pmid = {40203054},
issn = {1553-7404},
support = {P40 OD010440/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; R35 GM149543/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; *X Chromosome/genetics ; *Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Dosage Compensation, Genetic/genetics ; *Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics/metabolism ; *Multiprotein Complexes/genetics/metabolism ; *DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Male ; Histones/metabolism/genetics ; Genes, X-Linked ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Female ; },
abstract = {Dosage compensation in Caenorhabditis elegans equalizes X-linked gene expression between XX hermaphrodites and XO males. The process depends on a condensin-containing dosage compensation complex (DCC), which binds the X chromosomes in hermaphrodites to repress gene expression by a factor of 2. Condensin IDC and an additional five DCC components must be present on the X during early embryogenesis in hermaphrodites to establish dosage compensation. However, whether the DCC's continued presence is required to maintain the repressed state once established is unknown. Beyond the role of condensin IDC in X chromosome compaction, additional mechanisms contribute to X-linked gene repression. DPY-21, a non-condensin IDC DCC component, is an H4K20me2/3 demethylase whose activity enriches the repressive histone mark, H4 lysine 20 monomethylation, on the X chromosomes. In addition, CEC-4, a protein that tethers H3K9me3-rich chromosomal regions to the nuclear lamina, also contributes to X-linked gene repression. To investigate the necessity of condensin IDC during the larval and adult stages of hermaphrodites, we used the auxin-inducible degradation system to deplete the condensin IDC subunit DPY-27. While DPY-27 depletion in the embryonic stages resulted in lethality, DPY-27 depleted larvae and adults survive. In these DPY-27 depleted strains, condensin IDC was no longer associated with the X chromosome, the X became decondensed, and the H4K20me1 mark was gradually lost, leading to X-linked gene derepression (about 1.4-fold). These results suggest that the stable maintenance of dosage compensation requires the continued presence of condensin IDC. A loss-of-function mutation in cec-4, in addition to the depletion of DPY-27 or the genetic mutation of dpy-21, led to even more significant increases in X-linked gene expression (about 1.7-fold), suggesting that CEC-4 helps stabilize repression mediated by condensin IDC and H4K20me1.},
}

Animals
*Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics
*X Chromosome/genetics
*Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Dosage Compensation, Genetic/genetics
*Adenosine Triphosphatases/genetics/metabolism
*Multiprotein Complexes/genetics/metabolism
*DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Male
Histones/metabolism/genetics
Genes, X-Linked
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Female

@article {pmid40189767,
year = {2025},
author = {Kawata, C and Terakawa, H and Kurokawa, Y and Ohe, Y and Mohri, R and Hirata, M and Kitahara, T and Moriyama, H and Kinoshita, J and Kawashima, H and Inaki, N},
title = {[A Case of Advanced Breast Cancer with Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis Complicated by Neurofibromatosis Type 1].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {3},
pages = {255-257},
pmid = {40189767},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/complications/drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; *Neurofibromatosis 1/complications ; Axilla ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Lymph Node Excision ; },
abstract = {The patient was a 55-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1)since she was young. A 50 mm mass with skin changes was palpated on the outside of the left breast. As a result of a detailed examination of the whole body, invasive ductal carcinoma of Luminal B like was observed, and cT4N1M0, Stage ⅢB left breast cancer was diagnosed. After preoperative chemotherapy, total left mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection were performed. NF1 is an autosomal overt inherited disease characterized by multiple neurofibromas and pigment spots. It is called von Recklinghausen disease, and it is said that there are many complications of malignant tumors such as breast cancer, mainly nervous system tumors. In breast cancer complicated by NF1, there is a high rate of diagnosis as advanced cancer due to delayed awareness of breast masses due to unique skin lesions and a tendency to refrain from visiting medical institutions or medical examinations due to latent shame about appearance. In this study, we report 1 case of advanced breast cancer complicated by NF1.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/pathology/surgery/complications/drug therapy
Middle Aged
*Neurofibromatosis 1/complications
Axilla
Lymphatic Metastasis
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
Lymph Node Excision

@article {pmid40189766,
year = {2025},
author = {Mizuyama, Y and Takashima, T},
title = {[A Case of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Developed During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for HER2-Enriched Breast Cancer].},
journal = {Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy},
volume = {52},
number = {3},
pages = {252-254},
pmid = {40189766},
issn = {0385-0684},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/surgery/chemistry ; *Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects ; Aged ; *Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy/etiology ; *Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use/adverse effects ; *Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis ; *Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/surgery ; Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {In the 1990s, the number of newly registered tuberculosis patients in Japan was about 40,000 per year. It has been gradually decreasing and the number of new patients became 10,235 in 2022 with the incidence rate of 8.2 per 100,000 population. However it is still occasionally encountered even in recent years. Herein, we report a case of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-enriched breast cancer patient developed pulmonary tuberculosis just after finishing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and was successfully treated for both disease simultaneously. A 68 years old woman presented due to right breast mass was diagnosed with hormonal receptor-negative, HER2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel, trastuzumab and pertuzumab was started. After 12 courses of chemotherapy, CT scan revealed disappearance of the right breast tumor and infiltrating shadow in the left lower lung field. Sputum polymerase chain reaction test for tuberculosis was positive. Anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy was started. Four days after starting isoniazid, partial mastectomy was performed under local anesthesia and radiation therapy for the breast was omitted. There are no signs of recurrence of breast cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis for 5 years. Chemotherapy for breast cancer and premedication with corticosteroid may have inhibited cellular immunity, causing endogenous relapse of tuberculosis.},
}

Humans
Female
*Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/surgery/chemistry
*Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects
Aged
*Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy/etiology
*Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use/adverse effects
*Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
*Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy/surgery
Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use